Non-military defense is structured into a security function for public safety which includes natural disaster management, humanitarian operations, socio-culture, economics, defense psychology, which is basically related to awareness of state defense and technology development. The government's economic policies in facing Covid 19 have an impact on Non-military Defense, especially in the economic sector, including causing prolonged uncertainty so that investment weakens and has implications for the cessation of business in all fields that threaten the nation's disintegration. The research objective is to provide government input on the implementation and strategy of economic policies in dealing with Covid 19. Research using qualitative methods is aimed at understanding social phenomena from the perspective of participants. The results achieved are in accordance with the Policy Implementation theory that the government needs a strategy to prepare a strategy through a professional grand design or map, increased coordination between central and local governments and appropriate economic policy setting, especially budget.

<p class="Els-history-head">The fundamental problems in economic development in Indonesia are the low level of welfare, unsustainable economic growth, and the inadequate development process of economic sectors. Defense economics is a branch of science that applies economics to national defense issues. Defense economics as a multidisciplinary study discusses resource allocation, income distribution, economic growth, and political stability as applied to topics related to defense. According to the defense economy, the impact of the use of the defense budget on the economy can be viewed from the demand or consumption and supply or production approaches. From the consumption side, the defense can protect national resources against various threats, so that national consumption becomes stable and even increases. This research uses role theory according to Biddle and Thomas, among others, Expectation, Norm, Performance, and Evaluation. The research objective is to provide government input on the importance of the economic role of defense in economic growth in Indonesia. Research using qualitative methods is aimed at understanding social phenomena from the perspective of the participants. The result that has been achieved is that the defense economy plays a role in improving security stability, so it is recommended that the government pay attention to defense-security spending budgeting, in particular the adequacy of its allocation, priority level, and linkages between other components</p>

<p>The structure of defense spending in Indonesia State Budget consists of three types of spending, which are routine expenditure, goods expenditure, and capital expenditure. It shows the changes in consumption expenditure contribution, direct investment expenditure, and indirect investment from the government. According to The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017, Indonesia presents a low level of security stability among 138 countries. Due to the terrorism threat, Indonesia is ranked 115 (Global Competitive Index or GCI=4,2) for business cost, at the 102nd ranking (GCI=3,9) for the business cost caused by crime and violence, and 108th ranking (GCI=4,1) for organized crime. This study aims to examine the impact of military expenditure on security stability in Indonesia. The analytical method used in this study is explanatory, it aims to explain the causal relationship between variables and hypothesis testing. This study employs the time series data with per semester data series through 2000-2018. The research model is formulated as a recursive linear model in the form of a Cobb-Douglas production function and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the Ordinary Least Square method. The result reveals that both military expenditure and security expenditure have impacted simultaneously on security stability. The integration of all components of military expenditure synergistically can increase Security Stability. The components of spending that have a partially significant positive effect on Security Stability are expenditures on goods and capital expenditures.</p>

Kebijakan terkait energi di Indonesia kian mengalami dinamika namun secara garis besar mulai mengarah ke transisi energi terbarukan. Dalam rangka mengurangi emisi karbon, Indonesia turut mengatur perundang-undangan tentang energi yang dapat melanggengkan pelaksanaan program pembangunan dengan landasan energi terbarukan dalam Kebijakan Energi Nasional. Melalui studi pustaka dari berkas perundang-undangan hingga berita terkini, penulis menunjukkan bagaimana perkembangan dari kebijakan energi Indonesia dan khususnya dalam upaya Indonesia dalam transisi ke arah energi terbarukan. UU No. 30 Tahun 2007 tentang Energi menjadi dasar dalam pengembangan aturan-aturan terkait rancangan energi baru dan terbarukan. Dalam memaksimalkan bauran energi baru dan terbarukan, pemerintah melakukan pembangunan pembangkit listrik tenaga energi terbarukan khususnya untuk mengatasi masalah rasio elektrifikasi, dukungan terhadap pengaturan regulasi energi terbarukan, memaksimalkan lembaga Dewan Energi Nasional dan lembaga lain, penetapan target-target khusus, hingga mengadakan bentuk kerja sama bilateral di tingkat internasional

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The World Economic Forum in The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2018, places Indonesia's competitiveness in the 41st rank of 138 countries with a Global Competitiveness index score of 4.52 on a scale of 1-7. Many factors determine the downgrade of Indonesia's competitiveness, including the low security and macroeconomic stability. The fundamental problems in economic development in Indonesia are the low level of welfare, unsustainable economic growth, and the inadequate development process of economic sectors.The research aims to find empirical evidence in the framework of developing economic theory of development regarding the influence of macroeconomic stability structures, security stability and strategic industrial growth and its impact on economic growth. This study uses an explanatory method which aims to explain the causal relationship and test the hypothesis (hypothesis testing study). Secondary data in this study is the semester time series data for the period 2000-2018. The research model is formulated as a recursive linear model in the form of a Cobb-Douglas production function and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the Ordinary Least Square method. The results show that security stability, strategic industrial growth, and macroeconomic stability simultaneously influence economic growth.Keywords: macroeconomic stability, security stability, strategic industrial growth and economic growth.

Covid-19 has had an impact not only on health but also on the resilience of the national economy. Learning from the history of war, if we have weapons without food reserves, it will be messy as well as increasing food security to anticipate the impact of disease outbreaks such as Covid-19 which could happen again in the future. The Ministry of Defense is serious about developing the Food Estate Program by reviewing several potential land locations for planting strategic commodities. The plan to develop the "Food Estate" area in Central Kalimantan launched by the President of the Republic of Indonesia Joko Widodo is a collaboration between the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of PUPR, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Ministry of SOEs. The research method uses descriptive qualitative. The results of the study show that the strength of food security is no less important than the strength of weapons, especially in dealing with the current situation such as the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. For this reason, Indonesia must have adequate food reserves.

<p>Terrorism that occurs both in the world and in Indonesia is a crime that cannot be classified as an ordinary crime, academically categorized as an extraordinary crime. Actions of terrorism in Indonesia can already be classified as a military threat, namely threats that use armed force, are organized and are considered to have capabilities that endanger state sovereignty. The role of The Indonesian National Army task in overcoming these acts of terrorism has not been effective. The research objective is to provide government input on the importance of The Indonesian National Army role in overcoming the threat of terrorism. Research using qualitative methods is aimed at understanding social phenomena from the perspective of the participants. The results achieved were that legally, the military could also be deployed to combat terrorism both from the aspect of domestic law and in the provisions of international law.</p>