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Fifty-nine spring and 7 winter barley varieties in 'The Danish List of Varieties of Agricultural Crops, 1983/84' were examined for variation at 39 isoenzyme and two hordein loci. Twenty-three isoenzyme loci had one allele only, and 16 loci had from two to five alleles. One hordein locus had 12 and the other 15 alleles. The variation in the 16 enzyme loci permitted the division of the 66 varieties into 63 groups, while the two hordein loci produced 34 groups. A study of 20 individuals from each variety showed that 22 varieties were polymorphic in at least one locus. Eight starch gel electrophoresis with various buffer systems, one agar gel electrophoresis (for amylases), and one polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (for hordein) were performed to develop the patterns associated with the 4 1 loci. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis developing hordein patterns was clearly the most powerful single system for identifying barley varieties because of the large number of alleles.

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Wheat-barley chromosome addition lines were compared by isoelectric focusing of protein extracts to identify chromosomes carrying loci for the major immunochemically distinct protease inhibitors of barley grains. Structural genes for the following inhibitors were localized: an inhibitor of both endogenous α-amylase 2 and subtilisin (ASI) on chromosome 2, two chymotrypsin/subtilisin inhibitors (CI-1 and CI-2) on chromosome 5 (long arm) and the major trypsin inhibitor (TI-1) on chromosome 3.

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Differences in the ability for barley and rye grass varieties to absorb caesium through the roots. Received Febr. 4, 1991. Acta Agric. Scand. 41: 321-328, 1991. In areas with intensive farming, as in Denmark it is of great interest to identify possible countermeasures to be taken in order to reduce the long-term effects of radioactive contamination of arable land. Different crop species and varieties have been tested for their sensitivity to an indirect radiocaesium contamination, i.e. absorption through the root system of radiocaesium that have entered the soil. Significant differences have been revealed. Siln barley and Italian rye gnrs were identifed among the species tested as plants with a relative high uptake of caesium. Radiocaesium was the most important isotope at long distances from the Chernobyl accident. Changes of agricultural practices toimrds the use of plant species and varieties with low sensitivity might contribute to a significant reduction of the contamination levels perhaps even below a critical level.

Samples of approximately 100 plants from each of 22 populations ofLolium perenne representing 15 cultivars, and from 13 populations ofLolium multiflorum representing six cultivars were scored for iso-zyme variants in five enzyme systems, PGI, GOT, ACP, PGM and 6-PGD. From the individual banding patterns a genetic interpretation of the variation was formulated and population studies of the resulting six polymorphic enzyme loci were performed. No strong indications of partial selfing was found since at four of the six loci,Pgi 2, Got 3, Pgm 1 andPgd 1, the genotypic proportions were in correspondence with the Hardy-Weinberg expectations. This indicated, further, that the genetical interpretations of the banding patterns might be correct. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg proportions forAcp 1 andGot 2 indicated presumably selection working on the linkage group including these loci. Gametic phase disequilibrium was observed betweenPgi 2 andPgd 1 for populations of one cultivar. These results were discussed in relation to the variation expected within a cultivar.