A survey based on 838 samples of milk obtained from 537 dairies covering 70 of 95 districts in France was organized to assess iodine content of milk and its contribution to total intake. Iodine levels were significantly higher in winter than in summer. Very low iodine contents (less than 25 micrograms I/kg) were found in the eastern part of the country (the Vosges, Jura, and the Alpes) and the Massif Central. During milk processing, much of the iodine is lost in the whey. The other significant sources of dietary iodine are fish and eggs. Iodized salt is sold only to households and not to industry. Even if about 20% of the iodine is lost over the first 3 mo, salt remains the main source for this trace element. It is concluded that, if iodized salt is not provided systematically for both domestic and agro-industrial use, then milk may be the most important source of iodine. This key role may explain seasonal and geographical variations in the frequencies of goiter in France.
1. Sheep were infused intravenously with 88Mo-and 35S-labelled tri-and tetrathiomolybdates (1-2 mg Mo). 2. Most of the plasma radioactivity was trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble after infusion, but the stability of this fraction was reduced by pre-infusion or subsequent infusion with unlabelled thiomolybdates. Most of the 88Mo and 35S was shown to be associated with albumin.3. It was concluded that compounds bound to albumin were relatively stable, but displaced or unbound thiomolybdates were rapidly hydrolysed to molybdate and sulphate.4. There was no evidence of an irreversible interaction of either 35S or 88Mo with copper in plasma, despite the appearance of a TCA-insoluble Cu fraction. Increased dietary Cu did not increase the retention of 35S in plasma or affect the exchangeability of 3BS-labelled thiomolybdates bound to albumin.Thiomolybdates were first implicated in the pathogenesis of Mo-induced hypocuprosis and molybdenosis in ruminants by Suttle (1974) andDick et al. (1975) and supportive evidence has accumulated since then; see reviews by Suttle (1980) and Mason (1981Mason ( , 1982. ggMo-labelled di-and trithiomolybdates (Mo0,S;-and MOOS!-) but not ggMo-labelled tetrathiomolybdate (MoSg-) were detected in the plasma of sheep (Mason et al. 1982a) and cattle (M. Hynes, D. Poole, P. Rogers and J. Mason, unpublished results) after the infusion of ggMo-labelled molybdate into the rumen. The compounds could be displaced from their protein carrier(s) in vitro and identified by Sephadex G-25 chromatography.
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