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A grey-based Taguchi method was applied to investigate the optimal operating conditions in shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) to join SS316 and ASTM A36. This work aims to set optimal parameters for the mechanical properties of the weld joint. The effects of various welding factors on electrode type, welding current, arc welding, and welding speed have to be characterized and optimized to achieve an optimum condition. An L9 orthogonal array was used to group the various components. The mechanical properties of a dissimilar weld joints were described through hardness, tensile and flexural strength tests. The optimum welding parameters were obtained simultaneously as an electrode type E309, a welding current of 100 A, an arc voltage of 14 V, and a welding speed of 4 cm/min, which predicted improve 23.0% in its performance.

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Triphasic calcium phosphate, composed of a more stable phase hydroxyapatite (HA) and highly soluble tricalcium phosphates (α- and β-TCP) has been synthesized through hydrothermal method. In the present work, an in-situ method to disperse 1wt% multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) within HA/TCP powder has been used in order to develop HA/TCP-CNTs composite. XRD results confirmed the formation of HA, α-TCP and β-TCP in both as-prepared powder and composite samples. The graphite peaks appeared in the composite samples as well. FTIR analysis of sintered compacted powder showed the formation of weak bands of PO43- as the temperature was increased. The sintered compacts were mechanically tested by Vickers microhardness indentation method. HA/TCP-CNTs composite was found to have a significant of Vickers Hardness of 1.98 GPa after 1100°C sintering. The morphology analysis showed that in-situ deposition technique provides homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in the calcium phosphate matrix.

The present review briefly outlines the most recent patents and journals on various aspects of porous calcium phosphate bioceramics including techniques of preparation, properties and bone implant applications. Bioactive ceramics are a class of materials that have capability to bond directly with the host bone. These materials can be easily assimilated by the body and are considered to be biodegradable. Researches have revealed that artificial bones made from hydroxyapatite or a combination of hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) is a perfect substitute for natural bone owing to its excellent biocompatibility and properties close to that of human bone. Bioceramics made of HA are available in dense and porous forms. Several efforts on the fabrication of porous calcium phosphate bioceramics have been carried upon in the field of clinical orthopaedics. The realisation of these efforts can be observed from the fact that numerous patents have been filed on methods of preparing porous calcium phosphate bioceramics for bone implant applications. A number of porous HA ceramics have been developed for applications in both tissue engineering and drug delivery systems. Porous bodies are decomposable in human body and provide a surface for proliferation and growth of cells that are infiltrated from the surrounding tissues so that a new bone grows into the pores and prevents any movement or loosening of the implants. Consequently, these can be used for filling the damaged bone, repair of fractured bone and even can be used as hard tissue replacements. Several processing techniques have been employed for fabrication of porous scaffolds. Among prominent techniques are gel casting, slip casting, camphene-based freeze casting and polymeric-sponge method.

This study aims to analyze degree of awareness of ICT and perceived outcome of SMEs to be involved in digital collaboration networks. Digital Collaborative Networks can be assumed as a digital highway to accelerate economic growth in certain industrial sector. In this network, stakeholders can be formed in a unity to be voluntary sharing their business resources. Moreover, this community network is based on the spirit of cooperation and collaboration to build the economic strength of the nation. This study is thrilling because it has been argued that most of SMEs run their own business individually, experienced with raw material shortages, lack of business resources, innovation and business knowledge, lack of access to markets, and lack of capital access. The population in this study is all SMEs who involved in the supply chain of Batik industry in Indonesia. A number of 429 SMEs had participated in this study. Data were collected from questionnaire and in-depth interview. The analysis result shown that SMEs perceives high benefit or outcome when they collaborate virtually, however, government and other stakeholders have to provide several supports to establish this community network.