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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires long term medical attention both to limit the development of its devastating complications and manage them when they occur. Lowering high blood sugar in patients with diabetes (glycaemic control) is essential to reduce their risk of complications associated with diabetes. This study was designed to assess the effect of glycaemic control on the serum lipid profile of type II diabetic patients in the university college hospital Ibadan, Oyo State. The study was descriptive cross sectional in design to assess the effect of glycaemic control on serum lipid profile of the participants. A total of 50 consenting adults, aged 40-72 years, 20 (40%) males and 30 (60%) females, type II diabetic patients were studied between March and August 2006. The demographic characteristics and dietary pattern of the participants were assessed through a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire. The serum lipids of participants for the last six months and the mean of their last four fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were assessed from their hospital records. The effect of the glycaemic index on their lipid profile was determined using correlation coefficient and chi-square. The mean age of the respondents was 57.82±3.3 years. They were predominantly 45 (90%) Yorubas. A total of 68% had either secondary or post secondary/tertiary education. Their main source of energy was from cereals, grains and tuber crops while legumes were their major source of protein. A total of 33 (66%) had controlled (normal) fasting blood glucose while 17 (34%) did not have their FBG controlled. Only 17 (34%) had normal high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol while 35 (70%) and 33 (66%) had normal low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol respectively. The FBG of participants had an inverse relationship with HDL but positive relationship with LDL, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels of the participants. However, the effect of FBG was only significant on triglyceride level of respondents (P=0.033) and not significant on HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol (P>0.05). Good glycemic control significantly improves dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients.

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Background: Recent studies show increasing prostate cancer incidence in Nigeria. Significant correlations identified between diet and prostate cancer occurrence, indicate that low antioxidant status could contribute to the aetiology of prostate cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study determined selected antioxidants (lycopene, beta-carotene and retinol) status of 10 (Experimental group) and 17 (Control) male adults with and without PC, recruited from the Urological Section of the Surgical Out-patients' Department, University College Hospital and the General Out-patient Clinic of the Ring Road State Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Demographic characteristics were assessed using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Daily antioxidant intakes were assessed and analyzed using 24-hour dietary recall, and an adapted version of the food database "Total Diet Assessment". Serum lycopene, beta-carotene and retinol were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Results: The mean age of the PC and the control (72.8 ± 6.2 years and 59.8 ± 4.8 years) was significantly different (p = 0.001). Mean daily lycopene intake (1408.4 ± 233.2 µg) of the PC was significantly lower (P = 0.030) than the controls (3862.3±316.2µg). The mean serum lycopene (19.8 ± 13.2 ng/ml), beta-carotene (43.6 ± 26.0 ng/ml) and retinol (362.2 ± 304.3ng/ml) of the PC were significantly lower (p = 0.008, 0.040 and 0.033 respectively) than the values (70.8 ± 49.8 ng/ml, 57.6 ± 47.7 ng/ml and 395.4 ± 275.6 ng/ml respectively) of the controls. Significant inverse correlations were observed between the dietary lycopene intake (r = −0.396, p = 0.041) and serum lycopene (r = −0.502, p = 0.008) with PC; while a significant positive association was observed between dietary intake of retinol with PC (r = 0.394, p = 0.042). Conclusion: The study has revealed low anti-oxidant status, and an inverse association between lycopene status and prostate cancer in the elderly men.

Background: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a common chronic disorder in the high-income countries; and thought to be rare in low- and middle-income-countries. Lifestyle and diets have been suggested among others, as risk factors contributing to the development and severity of GORD. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of GORD and its association with dietary items and obesity among public school teachers in Abeokuta, south-western Nigeria.Methods: School teachers from 24 randomly selected public schools in Abeokuta were involved in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on respondents’ bio data, food frequency and Carlson-Dent scores were calculated for each respondent. A score of 4 and above on the Carlsson-Dent questionnaire was considered diagnostic of GORD. Each respondent had his or her weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference measured. Body mass index and waist-hip ratio were calculated for each respondent.Results: A total of 550 teachers participated in the study. The prevalence of GORD was found to be 13.8% among the teachers. There was a significant association between chocolate consumption and frequency of GORD (p=0.01). There was no association between consumption of soft drinks (p=0.673), kola nut (P=0.451), beer (p=0.674), bitter kola (0.425), groundnut (0.442), cowpeas (p=0.442), walnut (p=0.905), gari (p=0.931), fufu (p= 0.249) and lafun (p=0.480) and the frequency of GORD. Similarly, no association was found between obesity (BMI, p=0.738), waist-hip ratio (p=0.56) and the frequency of GORD.Conclusion: GORD is common among public school teachers in Abeokuta with a prevalence of 13.8%. Except for consumption of chocolate, no association was found between frequency of GORD and consumption of majority of the dietary items considered in this study.