Anti-Oxidant Status of Male Adults with and without Prostate Cancer in Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Recent studies show increasing prostate cancer incidence in Nigeria. Significant correlations identified between diet and prostate cancer occurrence, indicate that low antioxidant status could contribute to the aetiology of prostate cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study determined selected antioxidants (lycopene, beta-carotene and retinol) status of 10 (Experimental group) and 17 (Control) male adults with and without PC, recruited from the Urological Section of the Surgical Out-patients' Department, University College Hospital and the General Out-patient Clinic of the Ring Road State Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Demographic characteristics were assessed using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Daily antioxidant intakes were assessed and analyzed using 24-hour dietary recall, and an adapted version of the food database "Total Diet Assessment". Serum lycopene, beta-carotene and retinol were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Results: The mean age of the PC and the control (72.8 ± 6.2 years and 59.8 ± 4.8 years) was significantly different (p = 0.001). Mean daily lycopene intake (1408.4 ± 233.2 µg) of the PC was significantly lower (P = 0.030) than the controls (3862.3±316.2µg). The mean serum lycopene (19.8 ± 13.2 ng/ml), beta-carotene (43.6 ± 26.0 ng/ml) and retinol (362.2 ± 304.3ng/ml) of the PC were significantly lower (p = 0.008, 0.040 and 0.033 respectively) than the values (70.8 ± 49.8 ng/ml, 57.6 ± 47.7 ng/ml and 395.4 ± 275.6 ng/ml respectively) of the controls. Significant inverse correlations were observed between the dietary lycopene intake (r = −0.396, p = 0.041) and serum lycopene (r = −0.502, p = 0.008) with PC; while a significant positive association was observed between dietary intake of retinol with PC (r = 0.394, p = 0.042). Conclusion: The study has revealed low anti-oxidant status, and an inverse association between lycopene status and prostate cancer in the elderly men.

Dietary implication of high malondialdehyde, reduced vitamin D and total antioxidant status of prostate cancer subjects in Ibadan

“…In 2009, Oluyemi et al, [32] reported a similar finding with individual antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and vitamin E which was also supported by the observations made by Sosanya et al, (2014) [33]. Meanwhile, from an earlier study we suggested that the reason for which there was no significant difference in the level of total antioxidant status was probably because subjects took enough antioxidants that protected them from oxidative stress as at the period of study [34].…”