Background: The reflux of noxious contents of the stomach may cause oesophageal and extra-oesophageal complications either by direct contact of aspirated gastric refluxate with the upper airway or by a vago-vagal reflex. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastroesophageal disease (GERD) and extraesophageal manifestations among undergraduate students in a tertiary institution in Nigeria. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving undergraduate students in a private University in Nigeria. Study proforma had three parts. Part A consisted of self-administered questionnaire designed to obtain students biodata. Part B consisted of standard Carlsson-Dent questionnaire. A score of 4 and above on Carlsson-Dent questionnaire was considered diagnostic of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERD). Thereafter those who had GERD were further questioned and examined for extra-oesophageal symptoms of GERD. Results: The total number of the study participants was 647, out of which 212 (32.8%) had GERD. One hundred and forty-four (67.9%) and 86 (32.1%) females and male had GERD respectively (p = 0.13). The extraesophageal symptoms found in those with GERD were, dysphagia, coated tongue, nocturnal cough, xerostomia, lump in the throat, asthma-like symptoms, recurrent sore throat, frequent throat clearing, halithosis and dental erosion among others. Conclusion: GERD is common among this study population, with a prevalence rate of 32.8%. Only age showed significant predictor for GERD. Varying extra-oesophageal manifestations were found in those with GERD.
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Background: Vocal cord granuloma commonly arises following trauma or irritation from endotracheal intubation and reflux disease. Other uncommon causes are granuloma following voice abuse and foreign body in the larynx. Vocal process granuloma has however not been reported following blunt anterior neck trauma. Case Presentation: We present a case of vocal cord granuloma following an anterior neck trauma. The patient is a seven year old boy who presented with persistent hoarseness and stridor post neck injury of three months duration. Systemic steroid has been used prior to presentation with temporary improvement. The direct laryngoscopy done under general anaesthesia revealed masses on both vocal processes, which were successfully excised surgically. There was total resolution of presenting complaints after surgery with no symptoms suggestive of recurrence six month post operation. Conclusion: Post intubation and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease are common causes of vocal process granuloma. However, there is need to suspect granuloma formation following blunt anterior neck trauma for immediate conservative management avoiding the need for surgical intervention when patient present with upper airway obstruction.
Background: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a common chronic disorder in the high-income countries; and thought to be rare in low- and middle-income-countries. Lifestyle and diets have been suggested among others, as risk factors contributing to the development and severity of GORD. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of GORD and its association with dietary items and obesity among public school teachers in Abeokuta, south-western Nigeria.Methods: School teachers from 24 randomly selected public schools in Abeokuta were involved in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on respondents’ bio data, food frequency and Carlson-Dent scores were calculated for each respondent. A score of 4 and above on the Carlsson-Dent questionnaire was considered diagnostic of GORD. Each respondent had his or her weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference measured. Body mass index and waist-hip ratio were calculated for each respondent.Results: A total of 550 teachers participated in the study. The prevalence of GORD was found to be 13.8% among the teachers. There was a significant association between chocolate consumption and frequency of GORD (p=0.01). There was no association between consumption of soft drinks (p=0.673), kola nut (P=0.451), beer (p=0.674), bitter kola (0.425), groundnut (0.442), cowpeas (p=0.442), walnut (p=0.905), gari (p=0.931), fufu (p= 0.249) and lafun (p=0.480) and the frequency of GORD. Similarly, no association was found between obesity (BMI, p=0.738), waist-hip ratio (p=0.56) and the frequency of GORD.Conclusion: GORD is common among public school teachers in Abeokuta with a prevalence of 13.8%. Except for consumption of chocolate, no association was found between frequency of GORD and consumption of majority of the dietary items considered in this study.
This report is about ocular and audiometric findings in three children with Waardenburg syndrome Type 2 attending Special Education Centres in Nigeria. Two female children and a male child aged 10, 13 and 5 years respectively had ocular examination and audiometric evaluation using inter-acoustics eclipse ASSR (Serial number 0933518) for auditory steady-state response audiometry (ASSR). The ocular features included bilateral hypoplastic blue irides and bilateral hypopigmented fundi while ASSR showed severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. The three children had mutism hence they used sign languages for communication. There is a need for early detection of this condition, health education and planned rehabilitation.
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