No abstract

Minimization of Campylobacter jejuni contaminations in poultry meats is important for public health. Certain chemical agents and physical processes to be used on carcasses to destroy pathogenic microorganisms. One of the most common used chemical is lactic acid. The bactericidal activity of different concentrations of lactic acid and hot steam on the C. jejuni populations on chicken skin samples were determined. Chicken breast skin samples were inoculated with C. jejuni and dipped into different lactic acid solutions and hot steam. reduction of C. jejuni and pH values were determined after 0., 1., 3. and 5 days of the storage at 4±1°C. according to microbiological analysis. Compared with the control group, reductions in C. jejuni populations were determined as 1.72 and 2.02 log at 22°C, as 1.91 and 2.34 log at 54°C on day 0, in 2%, 3% concentrations respectively. On the other hand, beginning from day 0, bacterial counts reached undetectable (<1.0x102 cfu/g) levels after the decontamination treatments with 4% LA for 60 s at 22°C and 54°C, after the treatments with 2% LA followed by HS concentrations of 97±1°C for 15 s and 133±1°C for 3 s. It was determined that decontamination with lactic acid and hot steam application had a significant reduction effect on C. jejuni in chicken skin samples and the effect of lactic acid was increased depending on the concentration.

No abstract

Coronaviruses are found in all mammalian and avian species. Due to its mild infection on upper respiratory tract, this virus was not considered as a serious human pathogen until the outbreaks of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in 2002 and 2012, respectively. Recently the third and the biggest outbreak of coronavirus "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2" has erupted and the world is now in a struggle to combat this disease. Although everything has not yet been fully clarified about this new type of virus, the data obtained from the studies conducted so far provides guidance on how to deal with SARS-CoV-2. In this context, this review provides information about pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, presence in animals, potential transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the detection methods used in the world and Turkey.

No abstract

In this study, antibiotic, heavy metal, and disinfectant resistance profiles of E. coli and E. coli O157 isolates were determined, and whole-genome sequencing of a multidrug-resistant E. coli O100:H25 strain was reported. A total of 70 E. coli isolated from chicken neck skin and sheep cecum samples, and 32 E. coli O157 strains isolated

Öz: Organofosfatlı ve karbamatlı insektisitlere alternatif olarak geliştirilen neonikotinoidler, günümüzde dünya çapında en yaygın kullanılan insektisit sınıfı olup polen ve nektar dâhil bitkilerin tüm kısımlarına geçerek bu bitkiler tarafından üretilen ürünlere ve hatta arı ürünlerine aktarılabilmektedir. Bu sistemik özellikleriyle neonikotinoidler, bal arıları ve yabani arılar gibi canlıların yanı sıra, insanlar dahil diğer omurgalılar üzerinde de olumsuz etkilere yol açmaktadır. Bu nedenle hangi türevlerinin ne oranda etki oluşturduğuna ilişkin araştırmalar son yıllarda hızla artmakta ve bu çalışma sonuçlarına göre farklı ülkelerde neonikotinoid kullanımlarına yasaklar ve kısıtlamalar getirilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye'de üretilen ballarda neonikotinoid varlığının ve dolayısıyla çevredeki kirlilik seviyesinin ölçülmesidir. Bu amaçla, hasat sonrası Türkiye'nin farklı illerindeki arı yetiştiricilerinden direkt temin edilen 44 bal örneği materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Örneklerde asetamiprid, klotianidin, dinotefuran, imidakloprid, nitenpiram, tiyaloprid ve tiametoksam varlığı Sıvı Kromatografi Kuadrupol Uçuş Zamanlı Kütle Spektrometresi (LC-MS Q-TOF) kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Analiz edilen örneklerin hiçbirinde neonikotinoid grubu insektisitlere rastlanmamıştır. Analiz edilen örneklerde neonikotinoidlere rastlanmaması Türkiye açısından umut verici bir bulgudur. Neonikotinoidlerin kullanım şekilleri ve canlı organizmalara etkileri üzerine artan araştırmalar yanında, çevresel varlığının da düzenli olarak takip edilmesi ve limitlerin belirlenmesinin, halk sağlığının korunması açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

We aimed to investigate the effect of the post-chilling Peroxyacetic Acid (PAA) application on chicken carcasses’ shelf life, PAA treatment on chicken neck skin samples contaminated with S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium serotypes, and its activity against single and mixed Salmonella biofilms. Initially, effects of the post-chilling PAA application on chicken carcasses’ shelf life was analyzed. Secondly, the effectiveness of PAA application in chicken neck skin samples which are experimentally contaminated was investigated. Then, biofilm forming capacity of Salmonella enterica serovars were determined, and PAA activity against single and mixed Salmonella biofilms was evaluated. According to the results, in all experimental groups at least 1 log cfu/g reduction was observed on the day of PAA application (0 hour), and we monitored significant decreases of Salmonella counts in all groups after both 100 and 200 ppm PAA treatments within the 6th hour. The combinations of PAA concentrations and duration of application used in the study were insufficient in terms of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis counts in chicken neck skin samples; however, these treatments can be effective on extending the chicken meat’s shelf life. On the other hand, 200 ppm of PAA was effective in reducing S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis biofilms. As a mean of 4.8 log/ml reduction were detected against S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium biofilms. Moreover, we can conclude from statistical analysis that when biofilm is composed with more than one Salmonella, it is harder to reduce their counts with PAA treatments. However, there is a recommendation of EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) that PAA may be a decontamination agent in poultry production in the future, considering that PAA will not have toxic effects on human health. PAA studies on this subject will be of great importance in the future if it is passed to legislation.