This study applied a shared heterogeneity duration model to tourists' length of stay at different locations of multidestination trips. This analysis helps to understand tourists' behaviors and to predict their length of stay according to relevant variables. Such information can be applied to the development of efficient marketing strategies aiming to push the average length of stay to the desired direction, and to develop "on the fly" service provision and revenue management strategies. The focus on multiple destination trips offers an innovative analytical perspective. A large data set of 309,000 visits to Brazilian destinations was analyzed. Several empirical findings regarding determinants of tourists' length of stay were obtained. Positively skewed distributions for duration and hazard functions were found to best fit observed data. Shared heterogeneity was found to statistically improve the explanatory capacity of duration models when multidestination tourism trips data are analyzed.

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ResumoNo Brasil, o enoturismo surgiu como atividade regular a partir da década de 1990 e desde então tem crescido rapidamente. A principal região produtora de vinho e receptora de enoturistas no país é a Serra Gaúcha, no Rio Grande do Sul. Este artigo objetiva descrever as práticas de visitação turística das vinícolas da Serra Gaúcha com particular atenção em questões relacionadas ao histórico da visitação, à estrutura e organização receptiva, aos roteiros de visitação, aos produtos e serviços complementares, à comunicação e promoção, e à quantidade e perfil dos visitantes das vinícolas. Tais objetivos foram alcançados por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores de vinícolas que recebem visitantes, totalizando consultas a 14 propriedades. O trabalho revela o sucesso da atividade enoturística na Serra Gaúcha e detalhes sobre como tais resultados são alcançados. A simbiose entre turismo e a vitivinicultura é apontada como um dos principais fatores. Palavras-chave: Enoturismo; Vinho; Vinícolas, Serra Gaúcha, Brasil AbstractVisitation practices in the wineries of Serra Gaúcha: winemaking and tourism in South Brazil

Despite the relatively frequent occurrence of multi-destination tourism trips (MTTs), their determinants have been unsatisfactorily studied in the academic literature. The objective of this paper is to develop an analysis of the determinants of MTTs, assessing the theoretical propositions and empirical findings of previous studies. The authors use a large dataset of 183,000 international tourists who visited Brazil from 2004 to 2010. They employ a censored zeroinflated negative binomial model to overcome econometric deficiencies in previous studies. The set of explanatory variables used in preceding analyses is substantially extended to include additional determinants such as level of education, type of accommodation and season. Some of the findings throw light on conflicting theoretical arguments in the literature, especially those regarding the effects of party size and monetary and time constraints. The authors find a qualitative difference between single and multiple destination trips. Finally, tourists' decisions to take single or multiple destination trips are shown to be different and somehow detached from the decision on how many destinations to visit.

This study analyzes the effect of Brazil's national tourism brand on the image of Rio de Janeiro as the host city of the 2016 Olympic Games, and the reciprocal effect of Rio de Janeiro on Brazil, considering both as tourist destinations. A quantitative study was employed using structured questionnaires, with a sample of foreign respondents ( n = 340) and a simultaneous equation method. A positive reciprocal effect was found. In general, the perception of a country as a tourist destination influences destinations within that country. However, the Brazil destination brand image did not influence Rio. This situation was proved to be an exception to the rule, the sports mega-event context probably contributing to the result.

This article examines the effect of option framing and cognitive load on consumer choices of tourism services. Previous literature has shown that consumers tend to choose more options and spend more money when they begin the choice process from a complete set of options (downgrade/delete framing) than when they start choosing from a more basic set of options (upgrade/add framing). To exam this irrational behavior, we conducted two experimental studies with 561 consumers of leisure travel. The results of the two experiments provided robust evidence on the effect of the downgrade framing strategy on upselling tourism services and revealed that cognitive availability did not prevent consumers from making irrational choices. These findings indicate that decisions involving leisure trips may be even more susceptible than previously thought to cognitive biases and contextual influences due to their emotional and hedonic aspects, extending the existing literature on behavioral economics in tourism.

O artigo apresenta a análise de todas as referências feitas pelos artigos publicados nas quatro principais revistas de turismo do Brasil. Foram identificadas 28.767 referências nos 1.254 artigos publicados desde o primeiro volume de cada revista até o fim de 2014. As referências foram analisadas quanto ao tipo de material (periódico, livro, tese, trabalho em evento e outros), local de publicação (Brasil ou exterior) e autoria. Nos casos de referências feitas a artigos científicos, foram identificados os nomes dessas publicações específicas. Os resultados apontam os autores, livros, artigos e periódicos mais citados. Foram também estimados os fatores de impacto dos periódicos e os índices h de Hirsch (2005) dos autores. Além disso, foram utilizadas técnicas de análise de redes sociais para representar as relações existentes entre os autores e entre os periódicos, além de estimar índices complexos de centralidade desses agentes. Os resultados apontam tendências de mudança do cenário atual decorrentes do fortalecimento de novos autores e periódicos.

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