The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes the COVID-19 disease is highly infectious and contagious. The long-term consequences for individuals are as yet unknown, while the long-term effects on the international community will be dramatic. COVID-19 has changed the world forever in every imaginable respect and has impacted heavily on the international travel, tourism demand, and hospitality industry, which is one of the world’s largest employers and is highly sensitive to significant shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic. It is essential to investigate how the industry will recover after COVID-19 and how the industry can be made sustainable in a dramatically changed world. This paper presents a charter for tourism, travel, and hospitality after COVID-19 as a contribution to the industry.
This study applied a shared heterogeneity duration model to tourists' length of stay at different locations of multidestination trips. This analysis helps to understand tourists' behaviors and to predict their length of stay according to relevant variables. Such information can be applied to the development of efficient marketing strategies aiming to push the average length of stay to the desired direction, and to develop "on the fly" service provision and revenue management strategies. The focus on multiple destination trips offers an innovative analytical perspective. A large data set of 309,000 visits to Brazilian destinations was analyzed. Several empirical findings regarding determinants of tourists' length of stay were obtained. Positively skewed distributions for duration and hazard functions were found to best fit observed data. Shared heterogeneity was found to statistically improve the explanatory capacity of duration models when multidestination tourism trips data are analyzed.
Abstract. de la Iglesia F, Valiñ o P, Pita S, Ramos V, Pellicer C, Nicolás R, Diz-Lois F (Juan Canalejo Hospital, A Coruñ a, Spain). Factors predicting a hospital stay of over 3 days in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Intern Med 2002; 251: 500-507.Objective. To investigate the factors predicting a hospital stay of over 3 days in patients who required hospitalization for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Design and setting. A cross-sectional study was done at a tertiary hospital serving an area of 500 000 inhabitants. Subjects. A total of 273 patients (a ¼ 0.05; accuracy ¼ 5.94%) who had been admitted consecutively to the Short Stay Medical Unit at the Juan Canalejo Hospital in A Coruñ a, from February 1998 to March 1999, with a diagnosis focusing on exacerbation of COPD. Methods. Demographic variables, past medical history, symptoms, arterial blood gases, functional tests, treatment and the cause of exacerbation were studied in each patient. The hospital stay was dichotomized into £3 vs. >3 days. The prognostic factors of a hospital stay were determined by log regression.Results. The mean stay was 4.6 ± 5.1 days (range: 1-64). After monitoring the associated covariables, the following were found to have an independent effect on the prediction of a hospital stay of over 3 days: weekend admissions (OR ¼ 4.17; 95% CI: 2.42-7.18), the presence of cor pulmonale (OR ¼ 2.19; 95% CI: 1.27-3.78), and the respiratory rate on admission (OR ¼ 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03-1.14). Arterial blood gases and functional tests showed no independent effect. Conclusions. The factors having an independent prognostic value in determining the length of hospital stays in patients with COPD are weekend admission, cor pulmonale and respiratory rate. Additional studies are required to validate these findings.
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