A web‐based survey was completed by 130 faculty and staff from a university located in the south‐eastern United States. The purposes of this study were to investigate: (a) consumer characteristics related to online shopping; (b) benefits of online shopping as perceived by online shoppers; and (c) concerns about online shopping as perceived by non‐online shoppers. Responses were analysed using SPSS for tests of chi‐square. Findings suggest that the differences between online shoppers and non‐online shoppers correspond with Rogers’1 categories of adopters, and that the educational needs of consumers also differ based on their previous experience with online shopping.

This review summarizes evidence on negative affect among drinking drivers. Elevations in negative affect, including depressed mood, anxiety and hostility, have long been noted in convicted drinking drivers, and recent evidence suggests an association between negative affect and driving after drinking in the general population. Previous efforts to understand the significance of this negative affective state have ranged from suggestions that it may play a causal role in drinking driving to suggestions that it may interfere with response to treatment and remedial interventions. Recent studies have uncovered an important paradox involving negative affect among convicted drinking drivers (hereafter DUI offenders). DUI offenders with high levels of negative affect recidivated more frequently following a DUI program than did those reporting no or minimal negative affect. However, when a brief supportive motivational intervention was added to the program, offenders with high negative affect levels showed lower recidivism rates than did those with no or minimal negative affect. The review includes studies from the general literature on alcohol treatment in which the same negative affect paradox was reported. In an attempt to understand this paradox, we present a conceptual model involving well-established psychological processes, with a focus on salient discrepancy, the crucial component of cognitive dissonance. In this model, negative affect plays an important role in motivating both continued high-risk drinking as well as therapeutic change. This model suggests that links between motivational states and negative affective processes may be more complex than previously thought. Implications for intervention with DUI offenders are discussed.

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Chemotherapy is thought to cause cognitive deficits in some breast cancer patients, but the relative effects on older and younger breast cancer patients are unknown. The effects of chemotherapy on everyday cognitive tasks have not been examined. Thirty-eight female breast cancer survivors (3 to 45 months post chemotherapy) were compared to 55 age-matched control participants. Participants completed the Useful Field of View (UFOV), a computerized test of visual information processing that has been shown to decline with age, and which has been used to predict older adults' driving performance. Older chemotherapy patients performed more poorly than controls on the UFOV speed of processing, but not on the other two components. They also performed more poorly than younger chemotherapy patients. On the divided attention and selective attention components of the UFOV, older participants performed more poorly than younger participants, but there were no significant differences between chemotherapy patients and controls. These findings are explained in terms of brain changes thought to be caused by chemotherapy, which might have the most impact on older adults, already at risk for behavioral slowing.

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An Internet marketing and product visualization (IMPV) system that can act in support of product data management (PDM) was developed and evaluated. The integrated system allows for virtual product visualization and supports management of the inventory level. The idea of managing the inventory through an Internet marketing system should be of interest to those industries that want to market their products on the Internet as well as keep a manageable inventory flow of their goods and materials for both business-to-business (B-B) and business-to-consumer (B-C) electronic commerce applications. In addition, these companies should seek the most efficient way to market their product to customers. In this sample system for marketing clocks, prospective customers can see information about the product, customize the features and visualize the final selection in a Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) environment. Ninety prospective customers were asked to evaluate the marketing aspect of the system, give their perception of the product value and tell about their willingness to purchase from the Internet. In addition, customers' perception of the value of the VRML virtual product, an electronic photograph of the clock, and the paper catalogue clock were compared with the actual product values. The results suggest that although VRML may help provide customers with a better overall view of the system, it may not be the best way to portray product value. Suggestions for the practitioner and ideas for future work are presented.