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This article aims to investigate the Grand Challenges which arise in the current and emerging landscape of rapid technological evolution towards more intelligent interactive technologies, coupled with increased and widened societal needs, as well as individual and collective expectations that HCI, as a discipline, is called upon to address. A perspective oriented to humane and social values is adopted, formulating the challenges in terms of the impact of emerging intelligent interactive technologies on human life both at the individual and societal levels. Seven Grand Challenges are identified and presented in this article: Human-Technology Symbiosis; Human-Environment Interactions; Ethics, Privacy and Security; Well-being, Health and Eudaimonia; Accessibility and Universal Access; Learning and Creativity; and Social Organization and Democracy. Although not exhaustive, they summarize the views and research priorities of an international interdisciplinary group of experts, reflecting different scientific perspectives, methodological approaches and application domains. Each identified Grand Challenge is analyzed in terms of: concept and problem definition; main research issues involved and state of the art; and associated emerging requirements. BACKGROUNDThis article presents the results of the collective effort of a group of 32 experts involved in the community of the Human Computer Interaction International (HCII) Conference series. The group's collaboration started in early 2018 with the collection of opinions from all group members, each asked to independently list and describe five HCI grand challenges. During a one-day meeting held on the 20th July 2018 in the context of the HCI International 2018 Conference in Las Vegas, USA, the identified topics were debated and challenges were formulated in terms of the impact of emerging intelligent interactive technologies on human life both at the individual and societal levels. Further analysis and consolidation led to a set of seven Grand Challenges presented herein. This activity was organized and supported by the HCII Conference series.

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If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractThe analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used to determine the priority of processes outlined in the BS8800 Guide to Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems for the Hong Kong construction industry. Analysis of variance was used to further investigate the differences among three different kinds of construction enterprises: joint venture (JV), well-established (W-E) and small and medium sized (SME) enterprises. This study of 32 construction enterprises suggests that JV and W-E enterprises are able to demonstrate stronger commitment to strategic safety issues whereas SMEs focus more on the short-term safety issues in implementation of safety management system. The results also indicate that "Safety Training" may be a problem area in all three groups. When considering differences shown between groups, these rankings can be used as a guide for the practical implementation of the British Standard BS8800 Safety Management System in construction enterprises in Hong Kong.

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Product placement is regarded as a covert advertising strategy because viewers are often unaware of the persuasion attempt when they are exposed to product placement due to the high integration of the commercial content into the media content. In order to guarantee fair communication and prevent viewers from being influenced without their awareness, regulations prescribing proper disclosure of product placement have been issued in many countries. However, there are no consistent findings of the effectiveness of disclosures in prior studies. This study first combined eye‐tracking and electroencephalography (EEG) technologies with self‐reported measures to better understand the effects of disclosures on viewers' brand responses. The results show that (a) disclosure is an effective method to increase viewers' awareness of the embedded persuasive message and brand recognition, while also causing a decrease in brand attitude; (b) viewers exposed to a product placement disclosure tend to show longer fixation time on the placed product and evoke decreased frontal alpha band and increased frontal and right‐hemisphere gamma band compared with those who are exposed to non‐disclosed product placement; and (c) the positive effects of disclosures on the awareness of the embedded persuasive message and brand recognition are mediated by fixation time, and the negative effect of disclosures on brand attitude is mediated by fixation time and right‐hemisphere gamma band. These findings indicate that such eye movement indices and EEG bands can be viewed as reference measures reflecting viewers' cognitive and emotional processing of product placement and disclosures.