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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the repair of the buccal branch of the facial nerve with two surgical techniques: end-to-end epineural suture and coaptation with heterologous fibrin sealant. Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group (CG) in which the buccal branch of the facial nerve was collected without injury; (2) experimental group with suture (EGS) and experimental group with fibrin (EGF): The buccal branch of the facial nerve was transected on both sides of the face. End-to-end suture was performed on the right side and fibrin sealant on the left side; (3) Experimental group with suture and laser (EGSL) and experimental group with fibrin and laser (EGFL). All animals underwent the same surgical procedures in the EGS and EGF groups, in combination with the application of LLLT (wavelength of 830 nm, 30 mW optical power output of potency, and energy density of 6 J/cm(2)). The animals of the five groups were euthanized at 5 weeks post-surgery and 10 weeks post-surgery. Axonal sprouting was observed in the distal stump of the facial nerve in all experimental groups. The observed morphology was similar to the fibers of the control group, with a predominance of myelinated fibers. In the final period of the experiment, the EGSL presented the closest results to the CG, in all variables measured, except in the axon area. Both surgical techniques analyzed were effective in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries, where the use of fibrin sealant allowed the manipulation of the nerve stumps without trauma. LLLT exhibited satisfactory results on facial nerve regeneration, being therefore a useful technique to stimulate axonal regeneration process.

LLLT enhanced axonal regeneration and accelerated functional recovery of the whiskers, and both repair techniques allowed the growth of axons.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound at 1.0 MHz on the healing process of fractures with bone loss in the rat fibula by alkaline phosphate level measurement and radiologic analyses. Methods Thirty 70‐day‐old male Wistar rats underwent a bone resection of 2.5 to 3.0 mm between the proximal and middle third of the right fibular diaphysis. The animals were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: reference (uninjured), control (injured only), and treated (injured and treated with 5 applications of ultrasound, interspersed by 2 days of rest, beginning 24 hours after the osteotomy). Euthanasia was performed at experimental periods of 7 and 14 days. The right hind limb was removed for radiologic analysis. The blood was collected via cardiac puncture to determine the serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Results The bone fractures had not been completely consolidated in the treated and control group when analysis of the bone took place. At day 7, the serum alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in the treated group (mean ± SD, 72.17 ± 7.02 U/L) compared to the control (65.26 ± 8.41 U/L) and reference (67.21 ± 7.86 U/L) groups. At day 14, higher alkaline phosphatase activity was seen in the control group (68.96 ± 8.12 U/L) compared to the treated (66.09 ± 8.46 U/L) and reference (67.14 ± 7.96 U/L) groups. Conclusions The biochemical and radiologic results suggest that low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound can be used as an auxiliary method to consolidate fractures and probably reduces the bone healing time, offering clinical benefits.

Cell therapy strategies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) carried in fibrin glue have shown promising results in regenerative medicine. MSCs are crucial for tissue healing because they have angiogenic, anti-apoptotic and immunomodulatory properties, in addition to the ability to differentiate into several specialized cell lines. Fibrin sealant or fibrin glue is a natural polymer involved in the coagulation process. Fibrin glue provides a temporary structure that favors angiogenesis, extracellular matrix deposition and cell-matrix interactions. Additionally, fibrin glue maintains the local and paracrine functions of MSCs, providing tissue regeneration through less invasive clinical procedures. Thus, the objective of this systematic review was to assess the potential of fibrin glue combined with MSCs in bone or cartilage regeneration. The bibliographic search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS and Embase databases, using the descriptors (“fibrin sealant” OR “fibrin glue”) AND “stem cells” AND “bone regeneration”, considering articles published until 2021. In this case, 12 preclinical and five clinical studies were selected to compose this review, according to the eligibility criteria. In preclinical studies, fibrin glue loaded with MSCs, alone or associated with bone substitute, significantly favored bone defects regeneration compared to scaffold without cells. Similarly, fibrin glue loaded with MSCs presented considerable potential to regenerate joint cartilage injuries and multiple bone fractures, with significant improvement in clinical parameters and absence of postoperative complications. Therefore, there is clear evidence in the literature that fibrin glue loaded with MSCs, alone or combined with bone substitute, is a promising strategy for treating lesions in bone or cartilaginous tissue.

There are several treatment methods available for bone repair, although the effectiveness becomes limited in cases of large defects. The objective of this pre-clinical protocol was to evaluate the grafting of hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic biomaterial (B; QualyBone BCP®, QualyLive, Amadora, Portugal) together with the heterologous fibrin biopolymer (FB; CEVAP/UNESP Botucatu, Brazil) and with photobiomodulation (PBM; Laserpulse®, Ibramed, Amparo, Brazil) in the repair process of bone defects. Fifty-six rats were randomly divided into four groups of seven animals each: the biomaterial group (G1/B), the biomaterial plus FB group (G2/BFB); the biomaterial plus PBM group (G3/B + PBM), and the biomaterial plus FB plus PBM group (G4/BFB + PBM). After anesthesia, a critical defect was performed in the center of the rats’ parietal bones, then filled and treated according to their respective groups. The rats were euthanized at 14 and 42 postoperative days. Histomorphologically, at 42 days, the G4/BFB + PBM group showed a more advanced maturation transition, with more organized and mature bone areas forming concentric lamellae. A birefringence analysis of collagen fibers also showed a more advanced degree of maturation for the G4/BFB + PBM group. In the comparison between the groups, in the two experimental periods (14 and 42 days), in relation to the percentage of formation of new bone tissue, a significant difference was found between all groups (G1/B (5.42 ± 1.12; 21.49 ± 4.74), G2/BFB (5.00 ± 0.94; 21.77 ± 2.83), G3/B + PBM (12.65 ± 1.78; 29.29 ± 2.93), and G4/BFB + PBM (12.65 ± 2.32; 31.38 ± 2.89)). It was concluded that the use of PBM with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) positively interfered in the repair process of bone defects previously filled with the biocomplex formed by the heterologous fibrin biopolymer associated with the synthetic ceramic of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate.

RESUMOIntrodução: O exercício físico tem sido proposto como tratamento não farmacológico do diabetes por seu efeito hipoglicemiante. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito agudo do exercício sobre a glicemia capilar em indivíduos diabéticos que fazem uso de insulina ou antidiabéticos orais. Métodos: Foram estudados diabéticos em uso de hipoglicemiantes orais (G1, n=7), não diabéticos (G2, n=8, grupo controle) e diabéticos em uso de insulina (G3, n=8) da Associação de Diabéticos de Bauru (ADB). Foram submetidos a avaliações clínicas, bioquímicas, pressóricas, antropométricas e a uma sessão de exercício aeróbio (60% a 80% FC máx ). A glicemia capilar foi mensurada em oito momentos durante a sessão (M1 ao M8). A análise estatística foi descritiva (média ± desvio padrão), os testes utilizados foram de Kruskal Wallis e Friedman, não paramétricos. Resultados: Participaram 23 indivíduos com idade média 59,35 ± 14,59 anos, 17 do gênero feminino e seis masculino. As taxas de glicemia do M2 ao M8 foram comparadas ao M1, sendo observadas diminuições significativas nos momentos 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (p≤0,05). Na análise inicial dos grupos G1 e G3 eram obesos e G2 sobrepeso. Na análise da variação da glicemia durante o exercício foi observado que G1 e G3 diferiram nos momentos 2, 3 e 5, G2 e G3 em todos os momentos (p<0,05). Houve redução significativa apenas no G2 (grupo controle), nos momentos 4, 5, 6 e 7 (p<0,05). Conclusão: O exercício tem ação hipoglicemiante, entretanto, nos indivíduos com alteração do metabolismo de carboidratos (G1 e G3), a redução glicêmica não é tão evidente.Palavras-chave: exercício, diabetes mellitus, glicemia. Wallis and Friedman' s. Results: Participants were 23 individuals aged 59.35 ± 14.59 years,17 female and six male. The blood glucose levels of M2 to M8 have been compared to M1, with significant reductions in times 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (p ≤ 0.05). In the initial analysis of G1 and G3 were obese and G2 overweight. In the analysis of the variation in blood glucose during the exercise, it was observed that G1 and G3 have differed at times 2, 3 and 5, G2 and G3 at all times (p <0.05). There was a significant reduction only in G2 (control group) at times 4, 5, 6 and 7 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Exercise has hypoglycemic action, however, in individuals with altered carbohydrate metabolism (G1 and G3) glycemic reduction is not so evident. ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical exercise has been proposed as a non-pharmacological treatment of diabetes due to its hypoglycemic effect. Objective: To investigate the acute effect of exercise on blood glucose in diabetics who use insulin or oral antidiabetic agents. Methods: We have studied patients using oral hypoglycemic agents (G1, n=7), non-diabetics (G2, n=8, control group) and patients using insulin (G3, n=8) at the Diabetic Association of Bauru (ADB). Subjects were submitted to clinical and biochemical evaluation, blood pressure and anthropometric measurements and to a session of aerobic exercise (60% to 80% HR max ). Blood glucose was measured at eight times during the session ...

The aim of this study was to identify the shape and route of the bony canal of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) and posterior superior alveolar nerve (PSAN) using different identification methods, including computed tomography (CT), panoramic radiograph, and macroscopic evaluation (corpse and dry skull). Twenty-four patients were analyzed by CT and panoramic and posterior anterior (PA) radiographs; additionally, 90 dry skulls and 21 dissected anatomical specimens were examined. Three-dimensional-CT revealed that the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus resembled a tunnel format in 60% of the treated patients. Out of all 24 patients, the panoramic radiograph identified the bony canal in only one patient; whereas the PA radiograph identified it in 80% of the patients. The dry skulls showed tunnellike routes of the PSAA and PSAN in 65% of the cases. Moreover, the pathway was also visibly observed in the dissected anatomical specimens as a straight shape in 85% of the cases. Thus, our results demonstrated that the most common shape of the bony canal of the PSAA and PSAN is the tunnel format with a straight route by 3D-CT, posterior anterior radiography, and macroscopic evaluation. However, in the panoramic radiographs, it was difficult to identify this canal.