Single bouts of exercise induce an acute state of oxidative stress. It is largely unknown what this means in the context of diseases which are associated with increased oxidative stress, e.g., type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Free radicals can destroy the structure of erythrocytes and reduce their deformability. Antioxidative peroxiredoxins are highly abundant in erythrocytes. Therefore, we immunohistochemically examined whether the free radical-induced erythrocyte lipid-peroxidation measured by 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-Iso-PGF) as well as the erythrocyte contents of overoxidized peroxiredoxins (PRDX-SO(2-3)) differ between overweight/obese T2DM men (n = 15, years = 59 ± 10 (mean ± SD)) and overweight/obese non-diabetic control subjects (n = 12, years = 53 ± 4) during acute exercise (WHO-step test). We further studied whether physical training affects the oxidative stress response to acute exercise. Seven men belonging to the diabetic group took part in a moderate intensity cycling endurance training. Erythrocyte 8-Iso-PGF significantly increased during acute exercise and decreased in the 30-min recovery phase in untrained diabetic and non-diabetic men (P ≤ 0.05). Increases/decreases in 8-Iso-PGF in relation to exercise/recovery time were similar in both groups. A significant exercise-induced increase in the contents of erythrocyte PRDX-SO(2-3) was only observed in T2DM men (P ≤ 0.05). PRDX-SO(2-3) contents were not reduced during recovery. Following physical training, the magnitude of exercise-induced increases in 8-Iso-PGF (relative to exercise time) was significantly lower in the erythrocytes of T2DM men (P ≤ 0.05), whereas increases in PRDX-SO(2-3) were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05). Exercise-induced erythrocyte lipid-peroxidation is similar in untrained overweight/obese T2DM patients and overweight/obese control subjects, while antioxidative mechanisms differ. Physical training might improve oxidative stress in T2DM men's erythrocytes during acute exercise.

Poor glycemic control may increase oxidative stress in the erythrocytes of type 2 diabetic men. Good physical fitness seems to be associated with increased peroxiredoxin contents. Therefore, it can be speculated that physical training can contribute to the improvement of the erythrocyte peroxiredoxin system to counteract free radicals in type 2 diabetic patients.

The present study investigates whether a moderate physical activity intervention may alter red cell deformability (RCD) of patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Subjects (n = 10; age: 62 ± 4; body-mass index (BMI): 25.8 ± 7.5) performed a training regimen for 10 weeks. In the beginning of the study and after the training period, COPD patients underwent a WHO cycle ergometry test. Venous blood samples were taken before (T0), immediately after (T1) and 30 min after (T2) the intervention. RCD was measured with the laser-assisted optical rotational cell analyzer (LORCA). Significant improvements of the RCD were detected. The semi-maximal shear stress increased significantly. Acute exhaustion had no effect on RCD. Thus, the training period of 10 weeks influenced RCD.

Der Marathonlauf stellt eine hohe Belastung für alle Organsysteme des Menschen dar. Die internistischen oder orthopädischen Probleme, die der moderne Mensch beim Training oder der Durchführung eines Marathonlaufs erleidet, sind vor allem in einer unzureichenden, nicht strukturierten Vorbereitung oder einer übermäßigen hochleistungsorientierten Ausübung des Laufs zu sehen. So sind sowohl internistische Probleme wie z. B. Vorhofflimmern oder Myokardinfarkte wie auch orthopädische Komplikationen (z. B. Überlastungs-schäden) beim schlechter Trainierten häufiger. Durch eine sportmedizinische Untersuchung vor Trainingsbeginn oder dem eigentlichen Wettkampf können vorliegende strukturelle oder funktionelle Herzerkrankungen sowie orthopädische Probleme erkannt werden. Durch adäquate sportwissenschaftliche Trainingssteuerung kann zudem eine suffiziente Vorbereitung und damit Prävention erzielt werden.

The data collected does not provide any solid evidence of pathological changes in the cardiac function of female amateur runners post-marathon, although the lab values indicate a strongly increased myocardial stimulation.