The lack of distinction between BD patients and controls in respect to the 2-year changes in cognition and MRI findings supports the notion that this disorder does not have a significant adverse impact on cognitive and brain aging. From this point of view, the present results convey a message of hope for patients suffering from BD.

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Abstract-This paper describes two distortion estimation techniques for object recognition that solve EZ-Gimpy and Gimpy-r, two of the visual CAPTCHAs ("Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart") with high degrees of success. A CAPTCHA is a program that generates and grades tests that most humans can pass but current computer programs cannot pass. We have developed a correlation algorithm that correctly identifies the word in an EZ-Gimpy challenge image 99% of the time and a direct distortion estimation algorithm that correctly identifies the four letters in a Gimpy-r challenge image 78% of the time.

The cognitive profile in older euthymic BD cases is similar to the one described in younger BD cohorts. Our results further suggest that impaired processing speed plays a major role in the cognitive changes observed in BD patients except for deficits in episodic memory, thus providing strong evidence that processing speed and episodic memory are two core deficits in elderly BD patients.

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