This study examines how teachers teach English to prepare students for high-stakes English national examination in the Indonesian context. Data were collected from two high-achieving and three low-achieving schools with eleven teachers as the subjects of in-depth interviews and nonparticipatory classroom observations. The findings reveal that bi-directional washback was found in both groups of schools. The schools of low achievers were found to have more intensive negative washback than those of high achievers. The different intensity of negative washback is likely related to the teachers' perspective about their students' level of competence for passing the national examination and about the quality of their schools. The consistently unsatisfactory national examination scores of the low-achieving schools, despite their concerted efforts in the examination preparation program, suggest that the government should focus on supporting such schools with more empirically-based empowerment programs, which would become an indispensable follow-up actions regarding the implementation of the highstakes national examination.

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This study describe the implementation of school literacy movement consisting of its habituation, development and learning and obstacles in SD Muhammadiyah 4 of Surabaya. Habituation stage covers literacy activities habituation, supporting facilities, creating a literacy-rich environment, and public involvement. Development stage covers habits of literacy activities, literacy activities supporting program, educators and education force in literacy activities, school literacy team and professional literacy development for educator and education force. Learning stage includes the use of enrichment book, textbook selection, responding to the text activities, and facilities utilization in learning. The research findings showed that the implementation of school literacy movement ran optimally. During its implementation, there were some obstacles such as the time to conduct the literacy activities, the availability of reading materials in the class, and diminishing commitment of the teachers to run the literacy activities inside the class along with the changing policy of the literacy habituation from the headmaster.</p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Studi ini mendeskripsikan tentang pelaksanaan gerakan literasi sekolah yang terdiri dari pembiasaan, pengembangan dan pembelajaran dan kendalanya di SD Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Surabaya. Dalam tahap pembiasaan meliputi pembiasaan kegiatan literasi, penyediaan sarana dan prasarana, pengadaan lingkungan kaya teks dan pelibatan publik. Tahap pengembangan, meliputi kebiasaan kegiatan literasi, program pendukung kegiatan literasi, partisipasi pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan dalam kegiatan literasi, tim literasi sekolah, dan pengembangan profesional literasi bagi pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan. Tahap pembelajaran, meliputi penggunaan buku pengayaan, pemilihan buku teks pembelajaran, kegiatan menanggapi teks, pemanfaatan sarana dan prasarana dalam pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan gerakan literasi sekolah berjalan optimal, namun masih terdapat kendala dalam pelaksanaannya, seperti masalah waktu pelaksanaan kegiatan literasi, berkurangnya koleksi baca di dalam kelas, dan berkurangnya komitmen guru dalam melaksanakan kegiatan pembiasaan membaca di kelas bersamaan dengan berubahnya kebijakan dari kepala sekolah atas pentingnya pembiasaan literasi untuk siswa.

<pre><strong>Abstract: </strong>This research aims to describe the program's cultural activities as a deciding of the quality of the school. This research uses qualitative research methods with descriptive type. The results of this research, namely, programs for strengthening the character education religious values that exist in the school consist of extracurricular, co-curricular and cultural school. But the quality of a school is determined from the culture of the schools it has set. This is because the program of extracurricular and co-curricular activities is not every day executed by learners. So that the character resulting from the program of extracurricular and co-curricular activities is not as much as the program of school culture activities that are applied everyday. </pre><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan program-program kegiatan budaya sekolah sebagai penentu dari mutu sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini, yaitu program-program kegiatan penguatan pendidikan karakter nilai religius yang ada di sekolah terdiri dari krgiatan ekstrakurikuler, co-kurikuler, dan budaya sekolah. Akan tetapi, mutu dari sebuah sekolahan tersebut ditentukan dari budaya sekolah yang diterapkannya. Hal tersebut dikarenakan pada program kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dan co-kurikuler tidak setiap hari dijalankan oleh peserta didik. Jadi, karakter yang dihasilkan dari program kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dan co-kurikuler tidak semaksimal program kegiatan budaya sekolah yang diterapkan setiap hari.

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This study aims to describe the readability level of reading texts in <em>ESPS: English</em> for the 11^th grade students. The measurement tools were Coh-Metrix RDL2, Miyazaki EFL Reading Index and teachers’ professional judgment. The formula were effective in measuring the texts readability by calculating the number of words, letters, and sentences in the text. The Score of Coh-Metrix RDL2 showed that the reading texts was easier for reading level of 11^th graders. MEFLRI claimed that reading texts in <em>ESPS</em> textbook are match for reading level of 11^th graders. Teachers’ judgment claimed, the texts were suitable for eleventh grade students.</p><strong>Abstrak:<em> </em></strong>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat keterbacaan 19 teks bacaan dalam <em>ESPS: English</em> untuk siswa kelas 11. Tiga alat ukur digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat keterbacaan yakni Coh-Metrix RDL2 dan Miyazaki EFL Reading Index, dan penilaian guru. Kedua formula terbukti efektif dalam mengukur keterbacaan teks dengan menghitung total huruf, kata, dan kalimat dalam teks. Coh-Metrix menunjukkan bahwa teks bacaan lebih mudah dipahami oleh siswa pada kelas 11, sedangkan MEFLRI menunjukkan bahwa teks bacaan sangat cocok diberikan pada kelas 11. Penilaian guru menyatakan teks bacaan sesuai untuk siswa kelas 11.

This article reports on a study intended to find out the patterns of the Self Access Center (SAC) utilization by students of the English Departments, State University of Malang, and to explore the most effective pattern in developing students English proficiency as well as students' learning autonomy. The study involved 207 students of various years. Thedata were collected through questionnaires, observations, and interviews. Analyses of the students' responses to the questionnaires resulted in the findings that the more advanced the students were, the less frequently they utilized the SAC; that the students' proficiency was improving along with classes; and that the students were autonomous in their learning. In addition, the study also found out that the materials and activities need to be periodically updated in order for the SAC to better serve the learning needs of the more advanced students.

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This study aimed at elaborating the use of Instagram in teaching writing for university freshmen. This current study contained a reflection from a lecturer who had used Instagram to improve students’ writing skill through process-genre based approach. The data were taken from a reflective daily journal. Further, the journal specifically informed what worked well and what did not from the use of Instagram for writing skill improvement. The result showed that Instagram could significantly improve students’ writing skill, especially to help them find that writing was part of social activities and create a good composition that had been perfectly finalized.</p><strong>Abstrak:</strong><em> </em>Penelitian ini membahas tentang penggunaan Instagram dalam pengajaran <em>writing skill</em> (keterampilan menulis) pada mahasiswa tahun pertama. Penelitian tersebut berisi tentang sebuah refleksi dari seorang pengajar yang telah menggunakan Instagram sebagai media pendukung pembelajaran <em>writing skill </em>melalui pendekatan proses-genre. Data penelitian berasal dari jurnal harian yang sekaligus digunakan untuk mencatat serangkaian kegiatan yang dilalui pada proses pengajaran. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Instagram mampu meningkatkan keterampilan menulis mahasiswa sehingga mereka menyadari bahwa menulis merupakan bagian daripada kegiatan sosial serta, serta membantu mereka untuk bisa membuat sebuah karangan atau tulisan yang sempurna.  <em> </em>

Good reading habits help comprehension and logic because they can empower to absorb material analytically, critically, and reflectively. However, the technique for encouraging an interest in reading, particularly in schools and universities, has not obtained the best outcomes. In this case, family, community, and educational institutions simultaneously play a significant role in promoting English Foreign Language students' enthusiasm for reading. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine how ELE undergraduate students reading habits in English Department, Universitas Negeri Malang. This type of research used descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire form and distributed via Google form. The questionnaire discussed students' attitudes towards reading, purpose of reading, reading frequency, and reading preferences. The results showed that most of the ELE undergraduate students have high reading habit. However, students’ reading habits still need to be improved. It is shown that the students like reading as an indispensable part of their lives because of the reading treatment they get from an early stage of age. It makes them have a positive attitude towards reading, they also have a purpose for reading, and increase their reading preferences. Furthermore, they also need to increase their frequency of reading practice and the number of books read. Keywords: reading habits, English Language Education (ELE), English Department Abstrak: Kebiasaan membaca yang baik dapat membantu pemahaman dan logika karena dapat memudahkan untuk menerima materi secara analitis, kritis, dan reflektif. Namun, teknik yang digunakan untuk mendorong minat membaca, khususnya di sekolah dan universitas, masih belum mendapatkan hasil yang terbaik. Dalam hal ini, keluarga, masyarakat, dan lembaga pendidikan secara bersamaan memiliki peran penting dalam mendorong minat membaca Bahasa Inggris siswa. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kebiasaan membaca mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Negeri Malang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner dan disebarluaskan melalui google form. Kuesioner tersebut membahas sikap siswa terhadap membaca, tujuan membaca, frekuensi membaca, dan preferensi membaca. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa juusan pendidikan Bahasa Inggris memiliki kebiasaan membaca yang tinggi. Namun, kebiasaan membaca siswa masih perlu ditingkatkan lagi. Terlihat bahwa siswa menyukai membaca, karena sebagai bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari kehidupan karena mereka telah dilatih membaca sejak usia dini. Oleh karena itu, mereka memiliki sikap positif terhadap membaca, mereka juga memiliki tujuan untuk membaca, dan meningkatkan preferensi membaca mereka. Selain itu, mereka juga perlu meningkatkan frekuensi latihan membaca dan jumlah buku yang dibaca. Kata kunci: kebiasaan membaca, Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan Sastra Inggris

This study examined ELE students’ experience and opinions on the use of podcasts for learning English independently. It employed surveys as the research method with a questionnaire as the research instrument. The respondents were 212 students of English Language Education major of Universitas Negeri Malang from the cohorts of 2016-2020. The data gathered from the questionnaire were then analyzed by using frequency distribution, and accumulated in the form of percentages denoting every student’s responses for every item. From the percentages, the numbers were then elaborated into sentences with descriptive analysis. The finding showed that most of the students used podcasts more for improving their language systems, speaking and listening skills, rather than for improving their reading and writing skills. The majority of the respondents also held positive opinions towards the use of podcasts as an adequate complementary tool for learning English independently. The characteristics of podcasts that the students found most appealing were due to its portability, simplicity, enjoyability, accessibility, and the various range of interesting topics to learn. Also, it featured a concise wrap of information, meaningful context, and provided a chance to listen to authentic materials provided by native speakers. Keywords: students’ experience, students’ opinions, podcast, learning English, independent learning Abstrak: Penelitian ini didasari oleh konflik psikologis karena peristiwa kecelakaan yang dialami Tokoh Terry sehingga menyebabkan trauma. Kasus tersebut tercermin dalam sebuah novel yang berjudul Janji Pelangi karya Fahrul Khakim. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan tipe trauma, respon trauma, dan struktur kepribadian id, ego, dan superego tokoh Terry. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian analisis teks yang dikaji melalui psikologi sastra. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara membaca, menyimak, dan mencatat. Hasil penelitian ini meliputi tiga hal, pertama adalah tipe trauma ada 8 data yang terbagi atas empat tipe, yaitu trauma situasional karena kecelakaan, trauma perkembangan karena penolakan teman sebaya, trauma intrapsikis karena kecemasan, dan trauma eksistensial karena kekurangberartian. Kedua, respons trauma ada 44 data yang terbagi menjadi empat respons, yaitu respons emosional yang berindikator malu, bergejolak, dan panik. Selanjutnya, respons kognitif yang berindikator berpikir tak sanggup, merepotkan, dan mimpi buruk. Kemudian, respons perilaku berindikator mengurung diri, dan nafsu makan menurun. Lalu, respons fisiologis berindikator pucat pasi, wajah pilu, dan kurus. Ketiga, terdapat 56 data yang masing-masing sebagai berikut, Id memiliki subaspek yang meliputi naluri kehidupan, naluri kematian, dan kecemasan. Berikutnya, ego mempunyai sub aspek represi, projeksi, dan regresi. Kemudian, superego meliputi moralitas dan mengejar kesempurnaan. Kata kunci: pengalaman dan pendapat mahasiswa, podcast, belajar Bahasa Inggris, pembelajaran mandiri