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About 1 month after the first TUR, NBI cold-cup biopsies were taken from areas suspicious for urothelial cancer at the end of an extensive white-light second TUR protocol including: (i) resection of the scar of the primary tumour; (ii) resection of any overt or suspected urothelial lesions; and (iii) six random cold-cup biopsies of healthy mucosa. RESULTSIn 2008, 47 consecutive patients were recruited after giving written consent (median age 62 years, range 49-83, 39 men and eight women). Nine patients (19%) had macroscopic or microscopic high-grade NMI urothelial cancer, whereas one was reassessed as having muscle-invasive disease at the white-light second TUR plus the six random biopsies. NBI biopsies were taken in 40 of the 47 patients and detected six more patients with high-grade cancerous tissue (13%). In all 16 of the 47 patients (34%) were found to have residual/recurrent cancer using our extensive protocol of second TUR followed by NBI biopsies. CONCLUSIONSAdding NBI biopsies at the end of an extensive second TUR protocol in patients with newly diagnosed high-grade NMIBC can lead to the identification of patients with otherwise missed high-grade residual/ recurrent urothelial carcinoma. KEYWORDSurinary bladder, neoplasm, cystoscopy, recurrence, diagnostic imaging Study Type -Diagnostic (case series) Level of Evidence 4 OBJECTIVETo determine if narrow-band imaging (NBI) can be used to detect high-grade cancerous lesions missed with the white light at the time of a second transurethral resection (TUR) of high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). PATIENTS AND METHODSConsecutive patients with newly diagnosed high-grade NMIBC were enrolled in a prospective observational study. Patients with incomplete resection or absence of muscle tissue in the specimen were excluded.

TURis offers the patient the same results as monopolar technology guaranteeing maximum safety without increasing the incidence of urethral strictures.

NBI TUR appears to be feasible. The results of the ongoing randomized trial will show whether NBI TUR is able to reduce significantly the 1-year recurrence rate of bladder tumors.

The main criticism about so-called sexuality sparing cystectomy has been the presence of consistent prostatic remnants. Performing intrafascial prostatectomy together with supra-ampullar cystectomy seems to warrant good functional results with while better preserving oncological safety.

The equations represent a practical and effective instrument for preoperative clinical staging in patients with localized prostate cancer. By means of these mathematical formulas, one can assess the correct prognosis and--above all--plan the best therapeutic approach.

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