A compactação do solo influencia todas as fases de desenvolvimento das culturas, porém, em muitas áreas com baixa produção de cana-de-açúcar são ignorados valores críticos e efeitos da compactação do solo, razão por que é importante conhecer a localização e a intensidade da compactação do solo, para descompactá-lo. Neste sentido o trabalho visou aplicar três critérios para delinear zonas de manejo da compactação do solo: camada onde se iniciam valores de resistência à penetração críticos para o crescimento da cana-de-açúcar; índice de cone da camada de 0-40 cm e profundidade na qual ocorre a máxima resistência à penetração. A amostragem foi realizada em malha com 113 pontos espaçados 100 m, georreferenciados por um Sistema de Posicionamento Global, determinando-se a resistência do solo à penetração em oito camadas de 5 cm de profundidade, o índice de cone e a profundidade da máxima resistência por meio de penetrômetro com sistema automático de medição. A interpolação por krigagem foi usada para estimar valores para locais não amostrados permitindo a confecção de mapas de isovalores e a definição de quatro regiões no campo para realizar a subsolagem, de forma localizada.
Soil compaction in a sugarcane field at Baía Formosa, Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilSoil compaction is one of the main constraints imposed to growth of sugar cane root system, with consequences as reduction on plant ability to absorb water and nutrients. In this context, this study had as objective to identify regions in the field with different compaction levels, allowing the adoption of site specific management. The work was carried out at the Green Valley Sugarcane Mill, in Baía Formosa, RN, Brazil. Soil penetration resistance (RSP) was used as indicative parameter of soil compaction, and was assessed in an area of 113.59 ha, divided in 12 sugarcane fields, where 113 georeferenced points were located. Determinations were made in the 0-10, 11-20, 21-30 and 31-40 cm depths, by means of a soil penetrometer with automatic data acquisition system. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and geostatistical tools, which were used for evaluating spatial dependence of variables and draw contour maps, after kriging interpolation. Contour maps show regions in the area with different soil compaction levels. Subsoiling may be avoided in 18.80% of the total area, mainly in the fields 45 and 48. In other regions subsoiling must be performed deeper than 40 cm.
The unregulated use and increased demand in face of the demographic and economic growth of society caused reduction in the availability of water resources in quantity and quality. In this context, this work was carried out to verify the possibility of producing ornamental sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) fertirrigated with wastewater from fish culture and its mixtures with tap water. Two experiments were conducted in 2017 in a greenhouse at Federal Rural do University of the Semiarid, in Mossoró, RN, Brazil, according to a completely randomized design with 12 replicates. The treatments consisted of dilutions of the fish's wastewater in tap water (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). Determinations of plant biomass and flower characteristics were performed. The statistical analysis of the data consisted of analysis of variance by the F test and regression analysis. The biomass of ornamental sunflower showed significant effect of the fish’s effluent dilutions, but, in general, characteristics of flowers were not influenced. The higher values of the variables of the ornamental sunflower evaluated in the first experiment, which received fertilization, indicate that the effluent did not supply the nutritional needs of the plants. The irrigation of the ornamental sunflower can be carried out with effluent from fish farming when there is another source of nutrients for the crop to produce flowers with satisfactory characteristics.
Article AbstractAn experiment was performed, during the period from January to July, 2016, in a screened environment of the Department of Soils and Rural Engineering of the Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Areia, Paraiba, Brazil, with the purpose of evaluating the effects of supplementary irrigation with saline waters over the relative growth of Indian neem seedlings, in soil with bovine biofertilizer. The substrate used was a dystrophic Yellow-RedLatosol. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replications, in a 5x2x3 factorial scheme, referring to the water salinity levels of 0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m -1 , in soils without and with bovine biofertilizer, and in three evaluation periods: at 90, 120 and 180 days after emergence of the seedlings, in order to evaluate the relative growth rate of the studied morphological parameters, evaluated by the relation of the periods from 90 to 120 and 120 to 180 DAE of the plants in height, stem diameter, root dry matter, dry matter of the aerial part and total (root + aerial part) dry matter. The growth of the neem seedlings was compromised by the degenerative action of the salts of the irrigation water, but with lower severity in those plants of the treatments with the bovine biofertilizer.
We studied the behavior for neem seedlings subjected to irrigation water salinity and bovine biofertilizer and soil drainage. An experiment was carried during the period of January to June/2016 in greenhouse with plants grown in pots. The experimental design was a randomized block with factorial scheme 5×2×2 and four repetitions. The factors consisted of application of the five levels of irrigation water salinity: 0.5 (control treatment), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1 , in soil without and with bovine biofertilizer (2), tested in the absence and presence (2) of drainage of soil. The variables analyzed were the electrical conductivity of saturated extract, emergency velocity index, plants height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry weight of shoot, root and total. The 30-dayold plants were irrigated daily with saline waters (treatments) in volumes sufficient to maintain the soil with water content at level of field capacity. Neem seedlings were negatively affected by increased salinity of irrigation water. Since the growth is affected from the electrical conductivity of 0.5 dS m-1 ; therefore, we conclude that the species is considered to be sensitive to salinity. The results showed that application of bovine biofertilizer and soil drainage are agricultural practices that can minimize the effects of the salts the neem seedlings but does not eliminate it.
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