Opuntia fícus - indica (L) Mill é uma planta de múltiplos usos, nativa do México e pertencente à família cactácea. No Brasil é cultivada no Nordeste, sendo considerada a reserva forrageira da região. Esta revisão de literatura tem por objetivos descrever e discutir as características botânicas, ecofisiológicas e econômicas da cultura com a finalidade de estimular o seu cultivo nos ecossistemas áridos e semiáridos.
The selection of southern rust-resistant genotypes caused by Puccinia polysora (Pucciniaceae) is considered an efficient way to control this disease, which causes high crop losses in popcorn. To help choose adequate cultivars, we examined the combining ability of lines and the agronomic performance of popcorn hybrids for rust resistance. Eight S 7 popcorn lines were used, which were crossed in a complete diallel mating scheme, resulting in 56 hybrids. The disease incidence on the whole plant (INC), severity on a leaf of the main ear (SEV), grain yield (GY), popping expansion (PE) and volume of expanded popcorn per hectare (PV) were evaluated. Analysis of variance was performed and the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott algorithm. The analysis diallel was performed by the method of Griffing, using the Diallel I method. The hybrids L76xP8, P8xL70, L77xP8, P8xP1 and L55xL76 stood out with a GY of >3000 kg.ha -1 and PE of >30 mL.g -1 . For the traits GY and VP, the nonadditive effects were predominant, and the heterosis effects high. For the trait expression of INC, SEV and PE, the additive effects were more relevant. The estimates of general combining ability of lines L70, L61, P1 and L76 were negative for INC and SEV. For ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 18 (3): gmr18330 K.F.M. Schmitt et al. 2 commercial cultivation, L77xL76, L76xP1, L77xL70, L76xL70, L70xL76 and L77xP1 are recommended, in view of their excellent agronomic performance and superior resistance to rust.
RESUMOO fornecimento de matéria orgânica em solos nos quais são cultivadas hortaliças é imprescindível para a obtenção de rendimentos satisfatórios e economicamente viáveis, inclusive da cultura da melancia. Objetivou-se, com o desenvolvimento deste experimento, avaliar os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S em plantas de melancia cultivadas em solo submetido à diferentes doses de esterco bovino. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e 21 plantas por parcela (três linhas de sete plantas) em arranjo fatorial 5 + 1, referente a cinco doses de esterco bovino curtido (0,0; 11,5; 34,5; 57,5 e 80,5 g dm -3 ) em solo fertilizado com nitrogênio, na forma de ureia, e um tratamento adicional (sem adubação nitrogenada e esterco bovino). Para avaliação do estado nutricional das plantas de melancia, no início da frutificação, foram colhidas 25 folhas por parcela para formar uma amostra composta. Foram avaliados: nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e enxofre através da matéria seca foliar. O fornecimento de esterco bovino incrementou a absorção de N, P, K e Ca nas plantas de melancia. Os maiores teores de N, P e K foram acumulados com o fornecimento de doses de esterco bovino entre 40 e 50 g dm . Palavras-chave: Citrullus lanatus, matéria orgânica, nutrição mineral Macronutrients in watermelon plants grown in soil with levels of cattle manure ABSTRACTThe supply of organic matter in soils cultivated with vegetables is essential for satisfactory performance and economically viable, including the watermelon. This experiment aimed to evaluate the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in watermelon plants grown in soil subjected to different levels of cattle manure. A complete randomized block design was adopted with four repetitions and 21 plants per parcel, using factorial arrangement 5 + 1 referring to five cattle manure levels (0.0, 11.5, 34.5, 57.5 and 80.5 g dm -3 ) in soil fertilized with nitrogen, in the form of urea, and one additional treatment (without N fertilizer and manure). To assess the nutritional status watermelon plants in the early fruiting, 25 leave (5 th leaf from the branch tip, excluding the apical tuft) per parcel to form a composite sample. Were evaluated: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur in dry matter leaf. The supply of cattle manure increases the N, P, K e Ca absorption in watermelon plants. The highest levels of N, P and K were accumulated with providing cattle manure levels between 40 and 50 g dm -3 .
Os diversos materiais orgânicos e as proporções usadas como substratos na produção de mudas de goiabeira podem fazer a diferença na qualidade final, trazendo benefícios ao produtor e ao meio ambiente. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito de fontes e as proporções de materiais orgânicos na germinação de sementes e no crescimento de plantas jovens de goiabeira. O experimento foi realizado no período de setembro de 2010 a março de 2011, na Fazenda Experimental do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba, Câmpus Sousa, localizado no Perímetro Irrigado de São Gonçalo, Município de Sousa, Paraíba. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3x4 (esterco bovino, esterco ovino e húmus de minhoca, nas seguintes proporções: 0;20; 40 e 60%), com quatro repetições e dez plantas por unidade experimental. As características avaliadas foram: comprimento da parte aérea, diâmetro do caule, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca das raízes, massa seca total e os teores de macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S) na massa seca da parte aérea. O esterco de ovino e o húmus de minhoca são as fontes orgânicas que proporcionam os mais altos valores médios para as características morfológicas avaliadas. A proporção de 40% do material orgânico, independentemente da fonte usada, favoreceu o crescimento das mudas de goiabeira. Proporções crescentes das fontes orgânicas no substrato provocam redução no teor de fósforo.
Sorghum biomass is an interesting raw material for bioenergy production due to its versatility, potential of being a renewable energy source, and low-cost of production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of biomass sorghum genotypes and to estimate genotypic, phenotypic, and environmental correlations, and direct and indirect effects of seven agronomic traits through path analysis. Thirty-four biomass sorghum genotypes and two forage sorghum genotypes were cultivated in a randomized block design with three replicates. The following morpho-agronomic traits were evaluated: flowering date, stem diameter, number of stems, plant height, number of leaves, green mass production, and dry matter production. There were significant differences at the 1% level for all traits. The highest genotypic correlation was found between the traits green mass production and dry matter production. The path analysis demonstrated that green mass production and number of leaves can assist in the selection of dry matter production.
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