Potato grows during spring and autumn conditions in Rio Grande
Palavras-chave: Solanum tuberosum, sobrevivência ex vitro, produção de mudas, propagação vegetativa. ABSTRACTMS salt and sucrose concentrations in the in vitro multiplication and acclimatization of potato
O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar clones de batata para processamento industrial, cultivados em condições de clima subtropical e temperado do Sul do Brasil. Foram avaliados 30 clones avançados e três cultivares (testemunhas), na primavera de 2007 e 2008, e no outono de 2008, em Júlio de Castilhos, RS (condição de clima subtropical), e no verão de 2008 e 2009, em São Joaquim, SC (condição de clima temperado). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial (33 clones em 5 ambientes), com duas ou três repetições de dez covas. Foram avaliados: a produção por cova, a aparência, a cor de chips e os teores de matéria seca e de açúcares redutores dos tubérculos. Houve interação significativa entre clones e ambientes para todas as características avaliadas, exceto quanto à cor de chips. A produção por cova e o teor de matéria seca dos tubérculos foram maiores no cultivo de verão. As condições ambientais de cultivo afetaram todos os caracteres avaliados. As condições de cultivo do Sul do Brasil possibilitam a seleção de clones de batata, com suficiente teor de matéria seca, para atender às exigências da indústria de processamento de batata.
-The nitric oxide acts on the antioxidant system of plants and can discontinue the damage of herbicides elicitors of oxidative stress that cause the disruption of membranes and leakage of cellular contents. In order to evaluate the protective effect of nitric oxide in electrolytes leakage, leaf segments of the Puita INTA CL rice cultivar were incubated with 0, 5, 50, 500 and 5,000 μM clomazone (360 g a.i. L -1 ), oxadiazon (250 g a.i. L -1 ), oxyfluorfen (240 g a.i. L -1 ) and the formulated mixture of paraquat (200 g a.i. L -1 ) + diuron (100 g a.i. L -1 ) to obtain the maximum potential conductivity of 50% (MPC 50 ). Subsequently, leaf segments were pre-treated with 0, 200 and 2,000 μM of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) for four hours and further incubated for 48 hours with 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 times the concentration of the herbicide that caused the CMP 50 , and the protective effect was reassessed in the presence of nitric oxide scavenger, cPTIO. The MPC 50 was caused by exposure to 188.9, 273.4, 410.2 + 205.1 and 917.0 μM of Oxadiazon, Oxyfluorfen, Paraquat + Diuron and Clomazone. Pretreatment with 200 μM of SNP reduced electrolyte leakage in leaf segments exposed to 2 and 4 times the MPC 50 to oxadiazon and paraquat + diuron, while 2,000 μM reduced the damage caused by oxyfluorfen, at the same concentrations. Also, 200 and 2,000 μM of SNP were efficient for clomazone, and the protection was confirmed by cPTIO in all cases.Keywords: Oryza sativa, sodium nitroprusside, clomazone, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, paraquat + diuron. 188,9; 273,4; 410,2 + 205,1; e 917,0 RESUMO -O óxido nítrico atua no sistema antioxidante das plantas e pode conter o dano de herbicidas
Oat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae (Pga), is one of the most severe diseases of oats worldwide. Population studies are scarce for this pathogen, mainly due to the lack of polymorphic molecular markers suitable for genetic analysis. In this study, an Australian Pga isolate was sequenced, the abundance of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) was determined and PCR‐based polymorphic markers suitable for genetic diversity analysis were developed. The amplification of 194 primer pairs was initially assessed using a set of 12 isolates of different cereal rust species and their formae speciales. A high frequency of cross‐species amplification was observed for most markers; however, 36 SSRs were diagnostic for P. graminis only. A subset of 19 genome‐derived SSRs were deemed useful for genetic diversity analysis of Pga and were assessed on 66 Pga isolates from Australia, Brazil and Sweden. Brazilian and Australian isolates were characterized by one and two predominant clonal lineages, respectively. In contrast, the Swedish isolates, previously shown to undergo sexual recombination, were highly diverse (nine distinct genotypes out of 10 isolates) and divided into two subpopulations. The genome‐derived SSR markers developed in this study were well suited to the population studies undertaken, and have diagnostic capabilities that should aid in the identification of unknown rust pathogen species.
Palavras-chave: Solanum tuberosum, metabissulfito de sódio, branqueamento, ácido ascórbico, análise sensorial, produtos inovadores. ABSTRACT Minimal processing of potato tubers with low commercial valueDifferent methods of browning control were evaluated for potato tubers with low commercial value to the fresh market and to increase the shelf life period of the minimal processed product. A tuber blend of two potato cultivars, with diameters between 30 and 45 mm and low commercial value to the fresh market, was minimally processed. Tubers were immersed in the treatment solutions of sodium metabisulfite, ascorbic acid and bleaching. Treated tubers were packaged and stored at 5°C for evaluations. The evaluations were pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C, color, appearance, texture, taste and purchase intention at 0, 5, 10, and 15 days of storage. The results of appearance, flavor and texture varied from acceptable to intermediate values and they were in agreement with the heterogeneity of the processed tubers. Potato tubers with low commercial value to the fresh market are suitable for the elaboration of minimal processed products of good acceptance until the fifth day of storage at 5 o C. The treatment with sodium metabisulfite is required to keep a desirable shelf life period.
Correlation of plant and tuber traits of potato in early generations of selectionThe aim of this work was to evaluate canonic correlation as a tool to identify plant and tuber traits for early selection of potato clones. The canonical correlation analysis was carried out in two generations (seedling and tuber) with 358 clones, representing nine segregating families. The seedling generation (G1) was produced in a screen house during the winter of 2008, and the tuber generation (G2) in the field during the fall season of 2009. The evaluations were: height of the main stem (EHP), fresh weight of the aboveground part (MFA), stolons (MFE) and tubers (MFT), number of tubers (NTC), tubers with elongated (TAL) and flattened shape (TAC), skin texture (ASP), pointed ends (PON), secondary growth (EMB), eye depth (PRG), days to breaking dormancy (DRD) and number of sprouts per tuber (NBT). The variability among families was significant for all traits in both generations, except for PON in the first and MFA, EMB and PRG in the second generation. Linear correlations between G1 and G2 were significant, positive and high for 12 out of 13 evaluated traits. Based upon canonical correlation analysis, there is an association between plant and tuber traits between generations. However, there is no general rule for early selection of clones applied for all families, the evaluation of clones being the best strategy to identify correlated traits between generations.
This study aimed to determine the thermal sum of the different stages of development of potato plants to better understand its relationship with tuber sprouting. The potato clones SMIJ461-1, SMINIA793101-3 and SMINIA97145-2 and the cultivar Macaca were evaluated in spring and autumn crop seasons in Santa Maria and Julio de Castilhos, RS. Emergence (EM), tuber initiation (TI) and onset of senescence (OS) of the plants were determined and the accumulated thermal sum (aTS) was calculated in each phase. After harvesting, tubers were stored at 20oC for 15 days for curing and then stored at 10 or 20°C to quantify the percentage of sprouted tubers and the number of sprouts per tuber at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of storage. The experiment was a factorial of four potato clones and two growth conditions, season and storage temperature, in a random design with four replications of 20 tubers. The environmental conditions of Julio de Castilhos in the spring resulted in a greater aTS from EM and TI to OS than those of Santa Maria, meaning that different crop locations and even seasons should be considered for making inferences about tuber sprouting based upon aTS. The management of storage temperature can promote or retard tuber sprouting, but its effect depends on the potato clone. Based upon combined correlation estimations, the aTS between EM-OS or between TI-OS is a good estimator for potato tuber sprouting.
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