MotivationThe BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community‐led open‐source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene.Main types of variables includedThe database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record.Spatial location and grainBioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km2 (158 cm2) to 100 km2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm2).Time period and grainBioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year.Major taxa and level of measurementBioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates.Software format.csv and .SQL.

No abstract

-(Phenology of copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. -Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) in a semideciduous forest, southeastern Brazil). Plant phenology is concerned with the timing of recurring events, and is poorly known for tropical forest species, although this ecosystem has the greatest diversity of phenological patterns. A phenological study was carried out from February/1991 to April/1993. Thirty six trees were systematically observed biweekly for changes on leaf fall, leaf flushing, flowering and fruiting. Leaf fall and flushing were synchronized phases. These events always occurred at the end of dry season (leaf fall) and start of rainy season (leaf flushing) being clearly related with precipitation. The flowering occurred in the rainy season, and fruiting during the dry season. Fruiting did not show an annual cycle, but years which massive fruiting being followed by non productive years. Other non climatic factors, like seed dispersers and seed predators were also likely to affect fruiting.RESUMO -(Fenologia da copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. -Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) em uma floresta semidecídua no Sudeste do Brasil). A fenologia da emissão foliar, floração e frutificação para espécies de florestas tropicais é pouco conhecida, embora estes ecossistemas apresentem grande diversidade de padrões fenológicos. Foi estudada, de fevereiro de 1991 a abril de 1993, a fenologia da copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.) na Reserva de Santa Genebra. Foram feitas observações em 36 indivíduos e analisadas queda de folhas, brotamento, floração e frutificação. A queda de folhas e o brotamento foram as fenofases mais sincronizadas dentro da população. Estes eventos ocorreram no final da estação seca (queda de folhas) e início da estação chuvosa (brotamento) e foram relacionados principalmente com a precipitação. A floração ocorreu na estação chuvosa e a frutificação na estação seca. A frutificação ocorreu em ciclos supra-anuais, com anos de produção intensa seguidos de anos sem frutificação. Além dos fatores climáticos, as interações com dispersores e predadores de sementes também parecem influenciar o padrão de frutificação observado em Copaifera langsdorffii.

. 2008. Estimation of biomass and carbon stocks: the case of the Atlantic Forest. Biota Neotrop. 8(2): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v8n2/en/abstract?point-ofview+bn00108022008. Abstract:The main objective of this paper is to present and discuss the best methods to estimate live above ground biomass in the Atlantic Forest. The methods presented and conclusions are the products of a workshop entitled "Estimation of Biomass and Carbon Stocks: the Case of Atlantic Rain Forest". Aboveground biomass (AGB) in tropical forests is mainly contained in trees. Tree biomass is a function of wood volume, obtained from the diameter and height, architecture and wood density (dry weight per unit volume of fresh wood). It can be quantified by the direct (destructive) or indirect method where the biomass quantification is estimated using mathematical models. The allometric model can be site specific when elaborated to a particular ecosystem or general that can be used in different sites. For the Atlantic Forest, despite the importance of it, there are only two direct measurements of tree biomass, resulting in allometric models specific for this ecosystem. To select one or other of the available models in the literature to estimate AGB it is necessary take into account what is the main question to be answered and the ease with which it is possible to measure the independent variables in the model. Models that present more accurate estimates should be preferred. However, more simple models (those with one independent variable, usually DBH) can be used when the focus is monitoring the variation in carbon storage through the time. Our observations in the Atlantic Forest suggest that pan-tropical relations proposed by Chave et al. (2005) can be confidently used to estimated tree biomass across biomes as long as tree diameter (DBH), height, and wood density are accounted for in the model. Resumo: O principal objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e discutir a melhor forma para estimar a biomassa viva acima do solo (BVS) na Mata Atlântica. A biomassa viva acima do solo em florestas tropicais esta contida principalmente nas árvores. A biomassa das árvores é uma função do seu volume de madeira, obtido do diâmetro e da altura, de sua arquitetura e da densidade de sua madeira (peso seco por unidade de volume fresco). Ela pode ser quantificada pelo método direto (destrutivo) ou pelo método indireto onde a quantificação da biomassa é feita através de modelos matemáticos. Os modelos alométricos podem ser específicos para um determinado local, quando elaborado para um ecossistema particular, ou gerais, que podem ser utilizados em para estimar a biomassa em diferentes locais. Para a Mata Atlântica, a despeito de sua importância, existem somente duas medidas diretas de biomassa de árvores, que resultaram em modelos alométricos específicos para essas florestas. Para selecionar um ou outro modelo alométrico para estimar BVS, disponível na literatura, é necessário levar em conta o a questão a ser respondida e a facilidade com a qual é possível medir...

RESUMO -(Sucessão ecológica da vegetação arbórea em uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, Viçosa, MG, Brasil). O trabalho foi realizado no município de Viçosa (20º45'S e 42º07'W), no sudeste do Estado de Minas Gerais. O objetivo foi analisar as alterações ocorridas no estande entre os levantamentos realizados em 1984 e 1998. Para tanto, as espécies foram classificadas em três grupos ecológicos: pioneiras, secundárias iniciais e secundárias tardias. Também comparou-se a variação ocorrida na distribuição diamétrica e na densidade absoluta. As comparações foram analisadas estatisticamente, sendo utilizado o teste "t" de Student, o teste de qui-quadrado (χ 2 ). O estande estava composto por nove pioneiras, 56 secundárias iniciais e 29 secundárias tardias. Analisando as diferenças das médias dos números de indivíduos das secundárias iniciais, exceto Plinia glomerata (Berg.) Amshoff e Sorocea bonplandii (Daill.) Burger. Lanjow & Boer, não foi observado estatisticamente acréscimo na densidade absoluta. A mesma situação pôde ser observada para as espécies pioneiras, não havendo exceções. Essas constatações revelam tendência de redução da importância desses grupos, ao passo que a única secundária tardia (Protium warmingianum March.) que pôde ser analisada, obteve estatisticamente aumento de sua densidade absoluta. Esses fatos demonstram melhoria nas condições de suporte da área para os grupos ecológicos mais avançados na escala sucessional. Palavras-chave: sucessão ecológica, Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, grupos ecológicosABSTRACT -(Ecological succession of a tree community of semideciduous seasonal forest in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil). This work was carried out at Viçosa (20º45'S, 42º07'W) in the Southeastern region of Minas Gerais. The study examed the changes occurred in the stand between surveys done in 1984 and 1998. Species were then classified as pioneers, early secondary and late secondary. Changes in diametric distribution and absolute density were also investigated. Means were compared through student's t and square-chi (χ 2 ) tests. The stand showed to be constituted of nine pioneers, 56 early secondary, and 29 late secondary. Except for Plinia glomerata Berg.) Amshoff and Sorocea bonplandii (Daill.) Burger. Lanjow & Boer, no increase in absolute density could be detected for the individuals from the group of early secondary. The same trend was observed with in the pioneer species, without exceptions. These findings point out a tendency for decreasing importance of these ecological groups. Protium warmingianum March., the only late secondary to be analyzed, showed a significant increase in its absolute density. Overall, these facts suggested an improvement in the conditions of the area for the support of more advanced ecological groups in the successional scale.Key words: ecological succession, semideciduous seasonal forest, ecological groups IntroduçãoA classificação das espécies em grupos ecológicos é ferramenta essencial para a compreensão da sucessão ecológica. A grande plasticidade apresentad...

No abstract

We estimated carbon and nitrogen stocks in aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) along an elevation range in forest sites located on the steep slopes of the Serra do Mar on the north coast of the State of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. In elevations of 100 m (lowland), 400 m (submontane), and 1000 m (montane) four 1-ha plots were established, and above- (live and dead) and belowground (live and dead) biomass were determined. Carbon and nitrogen concentrations in each compartment were determined and used to convert biomass into carbon and nitrogen stocks. The carbon aboveground stock (CAGB) varied along the elevation range from approximately 110 to 150 Mg·ha−1, and nitrogen aboveground stock (NAGB), varied from approximately 1.0 to 1.9 Mg·ha−1. The carbon belowground stock (CBGB) and the nitrogen belowground stock (NBGB) were significantly higher than the AGB and varied along the elevation range from approximately 200–300 Mg·ha−1, and from 14 to 20 Mg·ha−1, respectively. Finally, the total carbon stock (CTOTAL) varied from approximately 320 to 460 Mg·ha−1, and the nitrogen total stock (NTOTAL) from approximately 15 to 22 Mg·ha−1. Most of the carbon and nitrogen stocks were found belowground and not aboveground as normally found in lowland tropical forests. The above- and belowground stocks, and consequently, the total stocks of carbon and nitrogen increased significantly with elevation. As the soil and air temperature also decreased significantly with elevation, we found a significantly inverse relationship between carbon and nitrogen stocks and temperature. Using this inverse relationship, we made a first approach estimate that an increase of 1°C in soil temperature would decrease the carbon and nitrogen stocks in approximately 17 Mg·ha−1 and 1 Mg·ha−1 of carbon and nitrogen, respectively.

No abstract