JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.Wiley, Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Biotropica ABSTRACT On 18 September 1989 Hurricane Hugo defoliated large forested areas of northeastern Puerto Rico. In two severely damaged subtropical wet forest sites, a mean of 1006-1083 g/m2, or 419-451 times the mean daily input of fine litter (leaves, small wood, and miscellaneous debris) was deposited on the forest floor. An additional 928 g/m2 of litter was suspended above the ground. A lower montane rain forest site received 682 times the mean daily fine

Soils and forest floor were sampled quantitatively from a montane wet tropical forest in Puerto Rico to determine the spatial variability of soil nutrients, the factors controlling nutrient availability to vegetation, and the distribution of nutrients in soil and plants. Exchangeable cation concentrations were measured using different soil extracting procedures (fresh soil with NH4C1, air-dried and ground soil with KC1, and a Modified Olsen solution) to establish a range of nutrient availability in the soil, and to determine the relationship between different, but commonly used laboratory protocols.The availability of exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K was significantly lower in soils extracted fresh with NHaCI than from soils which were dried and ground prior to extraction with KCI or a modified Olsen solution. Soil nutrient availability generally decreased with depth in the soil. Several soil properties important to plant growth and survival varied predictably across the landscape and could be viewed in the context of a simple catena model. In the surface soils, exchangeable base cation concentrations and pH increased along a gradient from ridge tops to riparian valleys, while soil organic matter, exchangeable Fe and acidity decreased along this gradient. On the ridges, N, P, and K were positively correlated with soil organic matter; on slopes, N and P were positively correlated with organic matter, and Ca, Kg, and pH were negatively correlated with exchangeable Fe. Nutrient availability in the upper catena appears to be primarily controlled by biotic processes, particularly the accumulation of organic matter. The Ca, K, and P content of the vegetation was higher on ridges and slopes than in the valley positions. Periodic flooding and impeded drainage in the lower catena resulted in a more heterogeneous environment.

-(Phenology of copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. -Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) in a semideciduous forest, southeastern Brazil). Plant phenology is concerned with the timing of recurring events, and is poorly known for tropical forest species, although this ecosystem has the greatest diversity of phenological patterns. A phenological study was carried out from February/1991 to April/1993. Thirty six trees were systematically observed biweekly for changes on leaf fall, leaf flushing, flowering and fruiting. Leaf fall and flushing were synchronized phases. These events always occurred at the end of dry season (leaf fall) and start of rainy season (leaf flushing) being clearly related with precipitation. The flowering occurred in the rainy season, and fruiting during the dry season. Fruiting did not show an annual cycle, but years which massive fruiting being followed by non productive years. Other non climatic factors, like seed dispersers and seed predators were also likely to affect fruiting.RESUMO -(Fenologia da copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. -Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) em uma floresta semidecídua no Sudeste do Brasil). A fenologia da emissão foliar, floração e frutificação para espécies de florestas tropicais é pouco conhecida, embora estes ecossistemas apresentem grande diversidade de padrões fenológicos. Foi estudada, de fevereiro de 1991 a abril de 1993, a fenologia da copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.) na Reserva de Santa Genebra. Foram feitas observações em 36 indivíduos e analisadas queda de folhas, brotamento, floração e frutificação. A queda de folhas e o brotamento foram as fenofases mais sincronizadas dentro da população. Estes eventos ocorreram no final da estação seca (queda de folhas) e início da estação chuvosa (brotamento) e foram relacionados principalmente com a precipitação. A floração ocorreu na estação chuvosa e a frutificação na estação seca. A frutificação ocorreu em ciclos supra-anuais, com anos de produção intensa seguidos de anos sem frutificação. Além dos fatores climáticos, as interações com dispersores e predadores de sementes também parecem influenciar o padrão de frutificação observado em Copaifera langsdorffii.

RESUMO -(Fenologia de uma comunidade arbórea em cerrado sentido restrito, Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil). Analisamos a fenologia vegetativa e reprodutiva procurando relacionar mudanças nas fenofases com variáveis abióticas (precipitação, temperatura e fotoperíodo) e investigamos a ocorrência de sazonalidade. A região apresenta verão chuvoso (outubro-abril) e inverno seco (maio-setembro). Entre out/2005 e set/2007, 1.221 indivíduos pertencentes a 84 espécies foram monitorados mensalmente quanto a presença/ausência e intensidade das fenofases queda foliar, brotamento, fl oração e frutifi cação. A maioria das espécies apresentou estratégia fenológica vegetativa decídua (44%) ou brevidecídua (16%). A queda foliar foi correlacionada negativa e signifi cativamente com precipitação e fotoperíodo, apresentando data média em agosto. O brotamento apresentou correlação positiva com temperatura média mensal. Floração e frutifi cação ocorreram nos dois anos em 69 espécies. Houve maior concentração de fl ores nos meses de maior estresse hídrico (jul-ago). A frutifi cação de espécies zoocóricas (70% das espécies na área) ocorreu de forma contínua, sendo correlacionada negativamente com precipitação e positivamente com temperatura. A frutifi cação das anemocóricas ocorreu nos meses mais secos. Nossos resultados sugerem padrões fenológicos sazonais, sendo que na transição entre estações seca e chuvosa ocorreu maior atividade vegetativa e reprodutiva. Esses padrões fenológicos têm sido comumente encontrados no cerrado brasileiro e sugerem que a época de dispersão, germinação de sementes e de estabelecimento de plântulas é um fator importante para sincronizar a maturação dos frutos no início da estação chuvosa. Palavras-chave: brotamento, fl oração, frutifi cação, queda foliar, savana neotropical, sazonalidade climática ABSTRACT -(Phenology of a tree community in a cerrado sensu stricto, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso state, Brasil). We observed leaf and reproductive phenology and analyzed the relationship among phenophases and abiotic variables (rainfall, temperature and photoperiod) and investigated the occurrence of seasonality. The local climate is characterized by marked wet (October-April) and dry seasons (May-September). From October 2005 to September 2007, 1221 individuals of 84 species were observed monthly for changes in leaf fall, leaf fl ush, fl owering and fruiting. Deciduous (44%) and brevideciduous (16%) species were predominant in the area. The leaf fall was negatively correlated with rainfall and photoperiod, with mean date in August. Leaf fl ush was positively correlated with temperature. Flowering and fruiting were observed in both years for 69 species. Flowering occurred mainly at the dry season (July-August) and was inversely correlated with rainfall. The zoochorous species were predominant in the community. Fruiting of anemochorous species was inversely correlated with rainfall. Fruiting of zoochorous species occurred continually throughout the year and was negatively correlated with rainfall and positively with ...

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Fogo e dinâmica da comunidade lenhosa em cerrado sentido restrito, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso , in Area 1, tree mortality was lower (2.0%) and recruitment (3.7%) higher than that observed Area 2 (4.3% and 0.05% respectively). Plant mortality decreased with increasing size class. In Area 2, there was a reduction in plant size (height and diameter). The resprouting pattern after fire was related to plant size. Smaller size classes had higher proportions of resprouting at the base of the stem while the larger size classes had more resprouts at the tree crown. In Area 2, species richness was reduced (estimated by Jacknife and Chao 2). Our results suggest that the tolerance of adult trees and smaller plants due to resprouting may explain the persistence of the woody cerrado community submitted to a fire regime interval over five years.

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