doi: 10.5216/ree.v15i2.15635 - http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v15i2.15635 RESUMO O objetivo deste survey descritivo-exploratório foi analisar as características do atendimento pré-natal na rede de atenção básica à saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista estruturada e submetidos à análise estatística descritiva. Os resultados evidenciaram inadequações relacionadas ao início tardio do pré-natal, à realização da ultrassonografia e à baixa participação em atividades educativas. O índice de Kessner modificado por Takeda indicou baixo nível de adequação do pré-natal (35%). Identificou-se a necessidade de promover intervenções em saúde para melhorar o acesso precoce das gestantes ao pré-natal e monitorar o cumprimento dos protocolos assistenciais preconizados para garantir uma prática segura de cuidados à saúde durante a gestação, parto e puerpério. Descritores: Cuidado Pré-Natal; Enfermagem Obstétrica; Saúde da Mulher.
grupos indicadores pode ser importante para minimizar problemas gerados pela falta de conhecimento. Assim, essa abordagem é interessante em um cenário de grandes incertezas (ausência de dados detalhados) e de rápida transformação da paisagem, possibilitando a otimização de estudos em grandes escalas e depois transferir os resultados para escalas espaciais mais locais e realmente relevantes para a conservação. nessas regiões, podem ser realizados, em um segundo momento, estudos mais detalhados a fim de avaliar padrões de viabilidade populacional, fragmentação de habitat e regiões potenciais de manutenção da diversidade genética.
Objective: to compare the quality of life of elderly participants and non-participants of public physical exercise programs. Method: a control, analytical and cross-sectional study analyzing 108 elderly participants of public exercise programs (SG) and 126 non-participants (CG) in the city of Goiânia, Goias, Brazil, was performed. An initial Assessment Form, the Mental State Mini-Exam, the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life - Bref (Whoqol-Bref) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life - Old (Whoqol-Old) were used. Comparison of socio-demographic profile and health conditions was performed using the Chi-squared test, while comparison of the quality of life of the SG and the CG was performed using covariance analysis (ANCOVA), followed by the post-hoc Tukey test. Results: the elderly persons in the SG had higher mean scores than those of the CG in all the Whoqol-Bref and Whoqol-Old domains (p<0.05). The active elderly in the CG did not exhibit differences in relation to the insufficiently active or sedentary members of the CG for any Whoqol-Bref or Whoqol-old domain (p≥0.05). Conclusion: the elderly participants in public physical exercise programs had a better perception of quality of life than non-participating elderly persons, and it was found that simply being active may not be enough to guarantee a better quality of life.
A frequently addressed question in conservation biology is what is the chance of survival for a population for a given number of years under certain conditions of habitat loss and human activities. This can be estimated through an integrated analysis of genetic, demographic and landscape processes, which allows the prediction of more realistic and precise models of population persistence. In this study, we modeled extinction in stochastic environments under inbreeding depression for two canid species, the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachiurus) and the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), in southwest Goiás State. Genetic parameters were obtained from six microsattelite loci (Short Tandem Repeats -STR), which allowed estimates of inbreeding levels and of the effective population size under a stepwise mutation model based on heterozygosis. The simulations included twelve alternative scenarios with varying rates of habitat loss, magnitude of population fluctuation and initial inbreeding levels. ANOVA analyses of the simulation results showed that times to extinction were better explained by demographic parameters. Times to extinction ranged from 352 to 844, in the worst and best scenario, respectively, for the large-bodied maned wolf. For the small-bodied crab-eating fox, these same estimates were 422 and 974 years. Simulations results are within the expectation based on knowledge about species' life history, genetics and demography. They suggest that populations can persist through a reasonable time (i.e., more than 200 years) even under the worst demographic scenario. Our analyses are a starting point for a more focused evaluation of persistence in these populations. Our results can be used in future research aiming at obtaining better estimates of parameters that may, in turn, be used to achieve more appropriate and realist population viability models at a regional scale.
Clustering and ordination procedures in multivariate analyses have been widely used to describe patterns of genetic distances. However, in some cases, such as when dealing with Jaccard coefficients based on RAPD data, these techniques may fail to represent genetic distances because of the high dimensionality of the genetic distances caused by stochastic variation in DNA fragments among the units analyzed (species or populations). In this note, we show how Mantel tests can be used to test hypotheses about genetic distances and avoid problems with multivariate data representation. The procedure is illustrated with RAPD data comparing 20 anuran species from the cerrado, in which Jaccard genetic distances were compared to three model matrices linking the species at distinct taxonomic levels.
Milk production phenotypes are the main focus of genetic selection in dairy herds, and although there are many genes identified as related to the biology of these traits in pure breeds, little is known about crossbreed animals. This study aimed to identify potential genes associated with the 305-day milk yield in 337 crossbreed Gir × Holstein (Girolando) animals. Milk production records were genotyped for 45,613 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This dataset was used for a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the 305-day milk yield adjusted for the fixed effects of herd and year and linear and quadratic effects of age at calving (in days) and calving factor averaged per animal. Genes within the significant SNPs were retrieved from the Bos taurus ARS-UCD1.2 assembly (bosTau9) for gene ontology analysis. In summary, the GWAS identified 52 SNPs associated [p ≤ 10–4, false discovery rate (FDR) = 8.77%] with milk production, including NUB1 and SLC24A2, which were previously described as related to milk production traits in cattle. The results suggest that SNPs associated mainly with NUB1 and SLC24A2 could be useful to understand milk production in Girolando and used as predictive markers for selecting genetic predisposition for milk yield in Girolando.
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