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The radiological accident in Goiania in 1987 caused a trail of human contamination, animal, plant and environmental by a radionuclide. Exposure to ionizing radiation results in different types of DNA lesions. The mutagenic effects of ionizing radiation on the germline are special concern because they can endures for several generations, leading to an increase in the rate of mutations in children of irradiated parents. Thus, to evaluate the biological mechanisms of ionizing radiation in somatic and germline cells, with consequent determination of the rate mutations, is extremely important for the estimation of genetic risks. Recently it was established that Chromosomal Microarray Analysis is an important tool for detecting wide spectra of gains or losses in the human genome. Here we present the results of the effect of accidental exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation on the formation of CNVs in the progeny of a human population accidentally exposed to Caesium-137 during the radiological accident in Goiânia, Brazil.

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We evaluated 41 rural workers occupationally exposed to pesticides and 32 subjects as a control group, using the micronucleus (MN) and the comet assay. For the comet assay, we evaluated the peripheral blood, and for the MN, we sampled cells from the oral epithelium. Damage to DNA was measured by tail length, % DNA in tail (% tail), olive tail moment (OTM), and tail moment (TM). The exposed group presented an 8× increase in MN frequency, when compared to the control group (p <0.05). When we contrasted the MN frequencies between the individuals that use and do not use personal protective equipment, we found a mean of 7.5 MN (57 % variance) and 12.1 MN (130 % variance), respectively. The binucleated cells were 0.04 and 0.005, in the exposed and control groups, respectively, indicating 8× increase in the number of binucleated cells, when comparing the groups (p <0.05). In the comet assay, we demonstrated statistically significant differences in three parameters (% DNA, OTM, and TM) indicating that the rural workers presented high levels of genomic damages. Our results indicate that occupational exposure to pesticides could cause genome damage in somatic cells, representing a potential health risk to Brazilian rural workers that deal constantly with agrochemicals without adequate personal protection equipment.

There is a firm tradition of cognitive behavioral programs for chronic pain and structured treatments for training coping skills have been relatively successful with motivated and cooperative participants. However, what is being trained generally comes down to component skills and ways of thinking that have to be used by the client in complex real life situations. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how the principles of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) can be applied in a group therapy program for people with chronic pain, using genuine in vivo occurrences of pain-related or stress-maintaining interpersonal behaviors of the participants during the group interaction. Functional analytic case conceptualizations of two participants with treatment resistant chronic pain are presented. The use of FAP -informed strategies during complex exchanges in the group is shown by means of vignettes. It is argued that FAP offers a way to make group therapy more relevant for real life problems and more effective for some people with treatment resistant pain.

Intellectual disability is a complex, variable, and heterogeneous disorder, representing a disabling condition diagnosed worldwide, and the etiologies are multiple and highly heterogeneous. Microscopic chromosomal abnormalities and well-characterized genetic conditions are the most common causes of intellectual disability. Chromosomal Microarray Analysis analyses have made it possible to identify putatively pathogenic copy number variation that could explain the molecular etiology of intellectual disability. The aim of the current study was to identify possible submicroscopic genomic alterations using a high-density chromosomal microarray in a retrospective cohort of patients with otherwise undiagnosable intellectual disabilities referred by doctors from the public health system in Central Brazil. The CytoScan HD technology was used to detect changes in the genome copy number variation of patients who had intellectual disability and a normal karyotype. The analysis detected 18 CNVs in 60% of patients. Pathogenic CNVs represented about 22%, so it was possible to propose the etiology of intellectual disability for these patients. Likely pathogenic and unknown clinical significance CNVs represented 28% and 50%, respectively. Inherited and de novo CNVs were equally distributed. We report the nature of CNVs in patients from Central Brazil, representing a population not yet screened by microarray technologies.

Um grupo de psicoterapia comportamental, para pacientes com dor crônica orofacial, é apresentado com o intuito de superar a noção de um grupo de apoio com base num modelo, no qual aspectos fisiológicos e psicológicos interagem. A análise aplicada do comportamento e a terapia comportamental cognitiva são duas abordagens que sustentam a construção de terapias de grupo, com formato didático, para a aquisição de melhores formas de lidar com a dor. A análise clínica do comportamento, por sua vez, procura, a partir de uma análise funcional do processo psicoterapêutico, proporcionar mudanças profundas de cura. A junção dos dois (o formato didático e a psicoterapia analítico-funcional) se realiza quando, durante as sessões, episódios verbais não são compreendidos como trocas de informação, mas analisados como atos em contextos.

ABSTRACT. Abscisic acid-responsive element binding protein (AREB1) is a basic domain/leucine zipper transcription factor that binds to the abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive element motif in the promoter 6273 ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (3): 6272-6286 (2014) Water deficit response in GM soybeans with AtAREB1∆QT region of ABA-inducible genes. Because AREB1 is not sufficient to direct the expression of downstream genes under non-stress conditions, an activated form of AREB1 (AREB1∆QT) was created. Several reports claim that plants overexpressing AREB1 or AREB1∆QT show improved drought tolerance. In our studies, soybean plants overexpressing AREB1∆QT were characterized molecularly, and the phenotype and drought response of three lines were accessed under greenhouse conditions. Under conditions of water deficit, the transformed plants presented a higher survival rate (100%) than those of their isoline, cultivar BR 16 (40%). Moreover, the transformed plants displayed better water use efficiency and had a higher number of leaves than their isoline. Because the transgenic plants had higher stomatal conductance than its isoline under well-watered conditions, it was suggested that the enhanced drought response of AREB1∆QT soybean plants might not be associated with altered transpiration rates mediated by ABA-dependent stomatal closure. However, it is possible that the smaller leaf area of the transgenic plants reduced their transpiration and water use, causing delayed stress onset. The difference in the degree of wilting and percentage of survival between the 35S-AREB1∆QT and wildtype plants may also be related to the regulation of genes that protect against dehydration because metabolic impairment of photosynthesis, deduced by an increasing internal CO 2 concentration, was not observed in the transgenic plants.