Purpose:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation in patients with keratoconus using a mechanical implantation technique.Materials and Methods:Thirty eyes of 17 patients with keratoconus were enrolled. ICRSs (Keraring) were implanted after dissection of the tunnel using Tunc's specially designed dissector under suction. A complete ophthalmic examination was performed, including uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical equivalent, keratometric readings, inferosuperior asymmetry index (ISAI), and ultrasound pachymetry. All 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups were completed, and statistical analysis was performed.Results:The mean preoperative UDVA for all eyes was 1.36 ± 0.64 logMAR. At 12 months, the mean UDVA was 0.51 ± 0.28 logMAR (P = 0.001), and the mean preoperative CDVA was 0.57 ± 0.29 logMAR, which improved to 0.23 ± 0.18 (P = 0.001) at 1 year. There was a significant reduction in spherical equivalent refractive error from –6.42 ± 4.69 diopters (D) preoperatively to –1.26 ± 1.45 D (P = 0.001) at 1 year. In the same period, the mean K-readings improved from 49.38 ± 3.72 D to 44.43 ± 3.13 D (P = 0.001), and the mean ISAI improved from 7.92 ± 3.12 to 4.21 ± 1.96 (P = 0.003). No significant changes in mean central corneal thickness were observed postoperatively. There were no major complications during and or after surgery.Conclusion:ICRS implantation using a unique mechanical dissection technique is a safe and effective treatment for keratoconus. All parameters improved by the 1-year follow-up.

A 26-year-old man with degenerative high myopia had bilateral anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation under general anesthesia. The preoperative slitlamp examination was normal. No mydriatic drops were used before, during, or after the procedure. Postoperatively, the intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right globe increased to 60 mm Hg. After the IOP was controlled, the pupil became fixed and dilated. Iris fluorescein angiography was obtained and delayed filling of the iris capillary plexus with large areas of no perfusion was observed in the right eye. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome was made. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome after phakic IOL implantation.

Torsional phacoemulsification performed with a 45-degree aperture angled tip provided more effective lens removal with a lower CDE and less CCT change than a 30-degree aperture angled tip.

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Aim:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of Keraring segment implantation in patients with post- laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) ectasia, using a mechanical implantation technique.Materials and Methods:Twelve eyes of 10 patients with post-LASIK ectasia were enrolled. Intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) were implanted after dissection of the tunnel using Tunc's specially designed dissector under suction. A complete ophthalmic examination was performed, including uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical equivalent, keratometric (K) readings, inferosuperior asymmetry index (ISAI), and ultrasound pachymetry. All 3, 6, and 12-month follow-ups were completed, and statistical analysis was performed.Results:The mean preoperative UDVA for all eyes was 1.28 ± 0.59 logMAR. At 12 months, the mean UDVA was 0.36 ± 0.19 logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (logMAR) (P=0.002), and the mean preoperative CDVA was 0.58 ± 0.3 logMAR, which improved to 0.15 ± 0.12 (P=0.002) at 1 year. There was a significant reduction in cylindrical refractive and spherical equivalent refractive error from –5.29 ± 2.47 diopters (D) and –5.54 ± 5.04 D preoperatively to –1.47 ± 0.71 D and –0.74 ± 1.07 D (P=0.001, P=0.002), respectively, at 1 year. In the same period, the mean K- readings improved from 47.93 ± 4.84 D to 40.87 ± 2.36 D (P=0.002), and the mean ISAI improved from 5.34 ± 3.05 to 2.37 ± 1.68 (P=0.003). No significant changes in mean central corneal thickness were observed postoperatively. There were no major complications during or after surgery.Conclusion:ICRS implantation using a unique mechanical dissection technique is a safe and effective treatment for post-LASIK ectasia. All parameters showed improvement at 1-year follow-up.

Importance. There is a conflict about the content of the macular folds in nanophthalmic eyes in the literature. Our study clearly demonstrated that papillomacular folds seen in nanophthalmos or posterior microphthalmos were only composed of neurosensory retina without involvement of retinal pigment epithelium and choroid. Observations. This is a report of two consecutive nanophthalmic patients with macular folds at Maltepe University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, from January to June 2012. Anterior segment dimensions were near normal. The axial lengths of the eyes were short with markedly shortened posterior segment. A macular fold extending from the center of the fovea towards the optic nerve head was present in all eyes. Optic coherence tomography clearly demonstrated that folds were only composed of neurosensory retina. Binocular visual acuities and refractive errors of the cases were 0.3, 0.2 and +16.00, +15.75 diopters, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance. Our study proposes a surgical option to treat these folds like serous retinal detachments by showing the true content of the folds, although there is not any surgical operation accepted for this condition yet. Further studies dealing with the surgical interventions of these folds should be performed to support this option.

Amniotic membrane placement around the extraocular muscle improves the duction and decreases the residual angle of deviations by inhibiting postoperative scar formation.

Objectives:To evaluate surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) in biaxial microincision cataract surgery with enlargement of one corneal incision during intraocular lens implantation (IOL).Materials and Methods:Data from 683 eyes with cataract that underwent biaxial microincision cataract surgery and IOL were retrospectively analyzed. The operated eyes were divided into 4 groups defined by final corneal incision length after IOL implantation. There were 83 eyes with 1.6 mm corneal incisions (group 1) and 200 eyes in each of the 2, 2.4, and 2.8 mm corneal incision groups (groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively). SIA was assessed using preoperative and postoperative keratometric values at one month.Results:The mean magnitude of SIA was 0.83±0.4 D in group 1, 0.93±0.5 D in group 2, 1.03±0.6 D in group 3 and 1.04±0.7 D in group 4. The SIA showed statistically significant differences between the four groups (p=0.05). Pairwise group comparisons revealed significant differences between groups 1 and 3 and groups 1 and 4 (p=0.005).Conclusion:Biaxial microincision cataract surgery with an incision size of 1.6 mm resulted in the least SIA. Enlargement of the corneal incision beyond 2.0 mm during IOL implantation led to significant increases in SIA. We believe that with the development and dissemination of IOLs which can be inserted through small corneal incisions, biaxial microincision cataract surgery will be the best choice to prevent SIA and increase visual acuity.