Evaluation in vitro de l'activité des écorces de tige de Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC) Guill. et Perr. (Combretaceae) sur des bactéries responsables de maladies courantes en Afrique et criblage phytochimique ; Tel : (225) 08687153 RESUME Les bactéries sont à l'origine de réel problème de santé publique à cause de leur implication dans de nombreuses maladies. Leur résistance aux antibiotiques est devenue l'un des problèmes les plus importants dans la lutte contre les maladies infectieuses dans le monde. L'objectif de ce travail est d'évaluer l'activité antibactérienne des extraits hexanique, méthanolique 70% (v/v) et aqueux des écorces de tige de Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC) Guill. et Perr. (Combretaceae), une plante médicinale de la flore ivoirienne, contre les bactéries des genres Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas et les entérobactéries (Shigella sp., Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli et Proteus mirabilis) par la méthode de diffusion en milieu gélosé dans des cupules et la méthode de macro-dilution en milieu liquide . Les extraits aqueux et méthanolique 70% (v/v) ont été retenus pour la détermination des paramètres antibactériens (CMI et CMB), en raison de leurs activités sur l'ensemble des bactéries sélectionnées. Par ailleurs, une analyse qualitative par chromatographie sur couche mince (CCM), effectuée sur les différents extraits, a permis de détecter plusieurs groupes de composés chimiques parmi lesquels les saponosides, les tanins, les flavonoïdes, les polyphénols, les alcaloïdes et les sesquiterpènes dont des effets antibactériens sont connus. Les CMI obtenues, sont comprises entre 0,7 ± 0,0 et 12,5 ± 0,0 mg/ml. Quant aux CMB, elles varient de 3,1 ± 0,0 à 25,0 ± 0,0 mg/ml. Ce travail justifie l'utilisation traditionnelle de Anogeissus leiocarpus dans le traitement de diverses pathologies et plus particulièrement celles d'origine bactérienne. ABSTRACTThe bacteria are causing real public health problem because of their involvement in many diseases. Antibiotic resistance has become one of the most important issues in the fight against infectious diseases worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of extracts hexane, methanol 70% (v / v) aqueous Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC) Guill. and Perr. (Combretaceae) stem bark, a medicinal plant from the Ivorian flora against bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae (Shigella spp., Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis) by the middle diffusion method agar in the wells and method in liquid medium macro-dilution. The aqueous extracts methanol and 70% (v / v) were used to determine antibacterial settings (MIC and MBC), because of their activities on all of the selected bacteria. Moreover, a qualitative analysis by thin layer chromatography (TLC) carried out on the different extracts was detected more chemical compounds of groups including saponins, tannins, flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids and sesquiterpenes including antibacterial effects are known. The MICs obtained are between 0.7...
Aims:The objective of this study is to detect the prevalence of qnr genes in broad-spectrum betalactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, involved in hospital and community-acquired infections. Study Design: It is a retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Bacteriology and virology laboratorie of Institut Pasteur, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Methodology: From January 2011 to June 2016, 350 Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from various clinical specimens and identified by conventional bacteriological tests. Antibiotic resistance (beta-lactams, quinolones and aminoglycosides) and detection of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases Tahou et al; MRJI, 20(2): 1-7, 2017; Article no.MRJI.34085 2 were assessed by the diffusion method and the synergy test, respectively. Molecular characterization of quinolone resistance genes (qnr A, qnr B and qnr S) was performed by the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Of the 350 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 91(26%) were detected as ESBL producer, 36.2% (n=33) recovered from urine, 24.2% (n=22) from pus and 20.8% (n=19) from blood culture respectively. 46(33%) strains were idenifed to carry qnr genes, qnrB predominate 33(71%), followed by qnr 12(26.1%) and qnrA 1(2.2%). The strains exhibited high resistance to most of the agents tested, expect imipemen, low resistance to amikacin 4.1%, moderate to cefoxitin 31.8% and 54.9% with amoxicillin-clauvanic acid. Conclusion: Although these observed prevalences are small proportions, this can be seen as a warning signal for the future. The emergence and dissemination of resistance genes in Côte d'Ivoire could pose a public health problem. Thus, the establishment of a relevant resistance surveillance policy to better control the circulation of multidrug-resistant strains is necessary. Original Research Article
Increasing bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents has become an issue of concern. A major problem of the treatment of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae using antibiotics is the emergence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. This study aims to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and describe their resistance profile to other antibiotics commonly used in the infections treatment. 486 clinical strains of Enterobacteriaceae were obtained from patients attending three health centers in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) from November 2014 to October 2015. Biochemical identification was performed and antibiotics susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method. Data was analyzed with the Excel and ANOVA one-way software GraphPad Prism version 5.01 software. Results revealed occurrence of Escherichia coli (60.9%, 194) predominated followed by Klebsiella spp. (22.4%, 109). Antibiotics susceptibility test revealed that 86.8% strains were resistant to amoxicillin, 81.3% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 61.9% to ceftriaxone, 58.6% to cefotaxime and 58.4% to cefepime. It was observed that 99.8% were susceptible to imipenem while 16.6% were resistant to fosfomycin and 12.3% to amikacin. However, 38.5% (187/486) of the strains were ESBL-producing, 67.9% (127/187) of which came from Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center, 23.5% (44/187) from Charles De Gaulle Paediatric University Hospital Center and 8.6% (16/187) from Saint Camille Hospital. This study thus showed a high prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Β-Lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae strains in Ouagadougou (38.5%). It underlined the need for routine detection and systematic reporting of ESBL strains in different health facilities in Burkina Faso, so that measures could be taken to prevent their spread and treatment failures.
Aims: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence of rifampicin resistance arr-2 gene in certain enterobacteria of clinical origin from various biological products.
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