ObjectiveResistance to antibiotics most especially third generation cephalosporins has assumed a worrisome dimension globally. Genes conferring these resistance which are mediated by enzymes known as extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are now wide spread among several Enterobacteriaceae species. However there is paucity of data regarding the distribution of these genes in Burkina Faso. Hence this prospective study aims to determine the prevalence and distribution of ESBL encoding genes in ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from clinical samples of patients attending the three major hospitals in Ouagadougou Burkina Faso.ResultsESBL-encoding genes were assayed in 187 ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae strains. Among these isolates, the prevalence of ESBL-producing strains with blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes were 26.2% (49/187), 5.9% (11/187) and 40.1% (75/187) respectively. The association of ESBL encoding genes with health centers was statistically significant (p = 0.0209). Approximately 39.6% of E. coli harbored CTX-M and Klebsiella spp. 5.9%. This study demonstrates the dissemination of TEM, SHV and CTX-M genes in ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae strains in Ouagadougou. Continuous spread of these bacteria poses great public health risk, thus increased surveillance and regulation of antibiotics use is imperative in Burkina Faso.

Objective: Diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) strains are important causes of diarrhoea in the developing world and, to a lesser extent, inthe developed world. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of the virulence genes specific for five major pathogroups of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in primary cultures from diarrhoeagenic patients in Burkina Faso.Methodology: From September 2016 to Mars 2017, a total of 211 faecal samples from diarrhoeagenic patients from urban hospitals of Ouagadou, Burkina Faso have been analysed. A 16-plex PCR was used to detect simultaneously, the five major DEC pathotypes (enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)). Results: At least one diarrhoeagenic E. Coli pathotype was detected in 31 samples (14.7%) in children and adults with diarrhoea. EAEC was the most common pathotype detected 9.5% (20/211), followed by EIEC2.4% (05/211) and STEC 0.5% (01/211). More than one DEC pathotype were detected in 2.4% (05/211) patients. EPEC and ETEC were not detected in single infection but in co-infection with others pathotypes. Conclusion: DEC, especially enteroaggregative, may be important responsible of diarrhoeas in Burkina Faso from all ages patient.Key Words: Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli, 16-plex PCR, Burkina Faso, human diarrhoeas stool. PREVALENCE DES GENES DE VIRULENCE D'ESCHERICHIA COLIISOLEES DES SELLES DIARRHEIQUES CHEZ LES PATIENTS

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Increasing bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents has become an issue of concern. A major problem of the treatment of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae using antibiotics is the emergence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. This study aims to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and describe their resistance profile to other antibiotics commonly used in the infections treatment. 486 clinical strains of Enterobacteriaceae were obtained from patients attending three health centers in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) from November 2014 to October 2015. Biochemical identification was performed and antibiotics susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method. Data was analyzed with the Excel and ANOVA one-way software GraphPad Prism version 5.01 software. Results revealed occurrence of Escherichia coli (60.9%, 194) predominated followed by Klebsiella spp. (22.4%, 109). Antibiotics susceptibility test revealed that 86.8% strains were resistant to amoxicillin, 81.3% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 61.9% to ceftriaxone, 58.6% to cefotaxime and 58.4% to cefepime. It was observed that 99.8% were susceptible to imipenem while 16.6% were resistant to fosfomycin and 12.3% to amikacin. However, 38.5% (187/486) of the strains were ESBL-producing, 67.9% (127/187) of which came from Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center, 23.5% (44/187) from Charles De Gaulle Paediatric University Hospital Center and 8.6% (16/187) from Saint Camille Hospital. This study thus showed a high prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Β-Lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae strains in Ouagadougou (38.5%). It underlined the need for routine detection and systematic reporting of ESBL strains in different health facilities in Burkina Faso, so that measures could be taken to prevent their spread and treatment failures.

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140Conclusion:35% des souches cliniques étaient productrices de BLSE. Une fréquenceélevée des entérobactéries productrices de BLSE aétéobservée chez l'espèceE. coli et Klebsiellaspp parmi les souches cliniques testées. Les résultats montrent une nécessité de mettre en place un système de surveillance des souches productrices de BLSE au Burkina Faso.

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