RESUMO A reestruturação produtiva, nas últimas décadas, gerou grandes mudanças na zona rural brasileira, destacando-se a reprimarização da economia, que provocaram conflitos pela terra e água entre o Estado, o capital e as populações rurais, acarretando doenças, mortes, violência, contaminação ambiental e riscos à saúde humana. Este ensaio objetivou problematizar a situação de saúde das populações do campo, da floresta e das águas, os desafios e as estratégias adotadas para garantir o direito à saúde. A Estratégia Saúde da Família, como porta de entrada das pessoas no SUS, ainda apresenta diversos problemas relativos à sua implantação, como: pior desempenho em áreas rurais; a territorialização que ainda não se faz na perspectiva dos espaços sociossanitários de maior risco; e apresenta fragilidade na participação social. O acesso dessas populações ao SUS requer articulação de saberes e experiências de planejamento e avaliação permanentes das ações intersetoriais, bem como das responsabilidades e informações compartilhadas, a fim de alcançar a atenção à saúde com qualidade e integralidade. Exige também um processo ágil de educação permanente dos trabalhadores de saúde e de educação popular, com uma proposta nova e diferenciada, rompendo com a lógica curativista e que considere as especificidades da influência da determinação social da saúde.

Introduction:The objective of this study was to understand and assess the perception of communities, organized civil society, health professionals, and decision-makers of several governmental institutions, regarding vulnerabilities and health impacts in drought prone municipalities of Brazil.Methods:This study was carried out through a qualitative investigation in eight municipalities in the Brazilian Semiarid region. Data collection was done through semi-structure and structure interviews, and discussion with local actors, which included communities groups, health professionals, governmental managers and organized civil society.ResultsThe results point to the local actors’ concerns and to the fragility of the health sector in the planning of integrated actions directed towards risks and impacts associated with drought conditions on human health.Discussion:The lack of a specific knowledge contributes to making invisible the process that determines the impacts of drought on health, leading to an acceptance of drought in those municipalities, reducing the capacity of the health system to respond to droughts.Keywords:drought, vulnerability, risks, health, perception, Brazilian Semiarid, resilience

Sentidos e métodos de territorialização na atenção primária à saúde Meanings and methods of territorialization in primary health careResumo Metodologias

OBJECTIVE:To assess the health conditions of families from the Landless Rural Workers' Movement and temporary rural workers. METHODS:The research involved a comparative study of three populations: a settlement and a camp linked to the Rural Workers' Movement, and the families of temporary rural workers in a city of Southeast Brazil, in 2005. Information relating to sociodemographic characteristics and families were collected by means of questionnaires that were put to 202 families. In addition, structured observation and group discussions were used. A discriminative factor analysis was carried out to confi rm differences between the communities. RESULTS:The three communities scored an average of 89%, which implies that they are distinct groups and supports the hypothesis that there are real differences between them when it come to health and lifestyle conditions. There was a high rate of food insecurity (39.5%) among temporary rural workers, almost double that of families who were camping and four times greater than those living on settlements. Temporary rural workers' salaries were low and fl uctuate, meaning that they were more exposed to pesticides than the families living on settlements or in camps. A striking characteristic of families living on the settlement was that they all practiced animal rearing, unlike the families of temporary rural workers, practically none of whom were able to do so in the city. The perceptions of most families who were living on settlements or in camps were that the Brazilian Health System had not been meeting their health needs, mainly due to access diffi culties. For this group, their needs are met only after making complaints to and putting pressure on governors. CONCLUSIONS:The view held by families from the Landless Rural Workers' Movement was that the fact that they belonged to the Movement and were better organized meant their health was better than that of temporary rural workers. The conservative modernization of rural Brazil has led to worse conditions for temporary rural workers, while Agrarian Reform has allowed for a better quality of life and improved health conditions among families, when compared in the areas under study.

The work of recycling solid waste segregators allows a precarious livelihood, but triggers a disease process that exacerbates their health and well-being. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of occupational accidents at the open dump in the Federal District and its associated factors. Most segregators have had an accident at work (55.5%), perceived the danger of their working environment (95.0%) and claimed they did not receive personal protective equipment (51.7%). Among other findings, 55.8% ate foods found in the trash, 50.0% experienced food insecurity at home and 44.8% received Bolsa Família. There was a statistically significant relationship between work accidents and perception of dangerous work environment, household food insecurity and the presence of fatigue, stress or sadness (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the fellowship between the segregators was associated with a lower prevalence of accidents (p < 0.006). Women are the majority of the segregators (56.5%) and reported more accidents than men (p < 0.025). We conclude that the solid waste segregators constitute a vulnerable community, not only from the perspective of labor, but also from the social and environmental circumstances. To reverse this situation, effective implementation of the National Policy of Solid Wastes is imperative, in association with affirmative policies to grant economic emancipation for this population.

Neste ensaio, é feita a pergunta de quem deve, pode e quer promover a saúde no campo hoje. Foi eleito, prioritariamente, o campo da ciência e o das políticas públicas como foco de diálogo. Configurou-se oito lições aprendidas sob a perspectiva dos direitos à saúde a um ambiente saudável, aqui compartilhadas: (1) para além de um risco químico isolado, a relação entre agrotóxicos e saúde deve ser estudada no contexto da modernização agrícola conservadora; (2) é necessário e urgente que se proceda ao desvelamento dos agravos à saúde relacionados aos agrotóxicos; (3) o Estado tem tido significativa eficácia no apoio ao agronegócio e significativa ineficácia nas políticas sociais de garantia de direitos dos trabalhadores e da população; (4) setores da sociedade ligados às organizações do campo vêm desempenhando importante papel na política pública de combate aos agrotóxicos e de proteção da saúde; (5) é importante que os estudos contribuam para a desconstrução dos mitos que sustentam o modelo da Revolução Verde; (6) se está diante do desafio de contribuir na construção de um paradigma emergente de ciência, fundado no compromisso ético-político com os mais vulneráveis; (7) comunidades camponesas vêm construindo alternativas agroecológicas de vida no semiárido.

Este estudo objetivou analisar as percepções dos trabalhadores da Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre a saúde da pessoa com deficiência que vive no campo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, com o desenho de cunho etnometodológico. Foi realizada observação participante e debates por meio da roda, com registro em diário de campo, e entrevistas semiestruturadas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Grão Mogol, Minas Gerais. Na análise, combinaram-se os dados coletados para triangulação. Os resultados evidenciam que as políticas desenvolvimentistas e a inserção das políticas públicas estão incidindo sobre a saúde das populações do campo. A deficiência está ancorada no modelo biomédico e a dimensão da caridade se ressalta nas ações em saúde. O desenho da Rede de Cuidados à Pessoa com Deficiência deve ser repactuado a fim de enfrentar as barreiras de acesso à saúde.

ObjectiveThis study estimated the prevalence of food insecurity, social vulnerability factors, and health risks in recyclable material collectors who work at the dump. MethodsA census was performed of the collectors' families living on five blocks near the dump of the Complementary Industry and Supply Sector, Brasília, Federal District, known as Cidade Estrutural. Sociodemographic data about sanitation, social programs, housing, labor, and food security were collected during home interviews. ResultsA total of 204 households composed of 835 residents and 286 collectors was studied. Ninety-three percent of the households had piped water, 65% had sanitation and almost all had electricity. But the presence of rats and cockroaches occurred in 90% of the households. A third of the workers reported being sick, but 44% of the families were not visited by community health workers because not all blocks were covered. Based on the food insecurity scale and the reporting of eating foods picked from the garbage by 55% of the respondents, a total of 75% of the households were exposed to food insecurity. According to the criteria of the Bolsa Família