The established parameters may help in clinical and ophthalmic examinations of primates.

Few studies have compared the seroprevalence of antileptospiral agglutinins with the demonstration of urinary shedding of leptospires or evidence of active infection in the bloodstreams of non-human primates. The study population consists of 58 animals, including d 42 monkeys from the Zoological Park of Salvador (Parque Zoobotânico Getúlio Vargas), Bahia, Brazil. The study also evaluated 16 primates (Cebus sp.) rescued from illegal trade that were housed in the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center of Salvador (CETAS), Bahia, Brazil. The seroprevalence of antileptospiral antibodies was low (2%) in the animals from the Zoo. A higher rate (31%) was observed among the animals that were rescued from illegal trade in the state of Bahia. Even if all the blood and urine samples were negative for leptospiral DNA fragments, the high frequency of serological evidence of exposure suggests a potential risk of leptospirosis transmission when keeping these animals as pets.INDEX TERMS: Leptospirosis, Leptospira, Primates.rEsUMO.-[Indícios de exposição a leptospiras em primatas neotropicais resgatados do comércio ilegal e de um Zoológico da Bahia.] Poucos estudos compararam a soroprevalência de aglutininas antileptospira com a demonstração de excreção urinária de leptospiras ou evidên-cia de infecção ativa em primatas não humanos. A população estudada consistiu em 58 animais, sendo 42 primatas do Parque Zoobotânico Getúlio Vargas, Bahia, Brasil. O estudo avaliou ainda 16 primatas (Cebus sp.) resgatados do tráfico ilegal e abrigados no Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres Chico Mendes, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. A soroprevalên-cia de anticorpos antileptospira foi baixa (2%) nos animais do Zoológico. Uma taxa mais elevada (31%) foi observada nos animais resgatados do tráfico ilegal. Mesmo que todas as amostras de sangue e urina tenham sido negativas para DNA de leptospiras, a alta frequência de evidência de exposição nos animais de origem selvagem indicam o risco potencial da adoção de primatas como animais de estimação.

Our aim was to determine the ophthalmic parameters and describe the eye histology of Blue-and-yellow Macaws ( Ara ararauna) and Lear's Macaws ( Anodorhynchus leari) kept at the Triage Center for Wild Animals (CETAS) and in Getulio Vargas Zoobotanic Park (Salvador, northeastern Brazil), respectively. Thirty four clinically healthy macaws (28 Blue-and-yellow Macaws and six Lear's Macaws) were studied. The investigation included culture of the conjunctival bacterial flora, evaluation of tear production by endodontic absorbent paper point tear test (EAPPTT) and phenol red thread test (PRTT), measurement of palpebral fissure length (PFL), corneal touch threshold (CTT) and intraocular pressure (IOP), as well as characterisation of conjunctival cytology samples, B-mode ultrasonography, and eye histology of one Blue-and-yellow Macaw. There was a predominance of Gram-positive bacteria in the samples analysed and the microorganism colonies were resistant to tetracycline and oxacillin. Blue-and-yellow Macaws had significantly higher EAPPTT than Lear's Macaws, but there were no differences in PFL and IOP. Conjunctival cytology revealed predominance of squamous and columnar epithelial cells. The pecten, a pleated structure located on the optic nerve and projecting into the vitreous, was composed of several large blood vessels and capillaries. The ophthalmic parameters determined in this study may help in the diagnosis of ocular diseases in Blue-and-yellow and Lear's Macaws.

A Yellow-headed Caracara (Milvago chimachima) was submitted to the Ophthalmology Service of the Federal University of Bahia with a corneal abnormality. During ophthalmic evaluation the right cornea was stained positively with fluorescein; a blurred bullous lesion, with irregular surface, compatible with the diagnosis of bullous keratopathy was found. This is a rare condition in a bird which was treated successfully with a modified third eyelid flap associated with antibiotic and hyaluronic acid eye drops. The adopted therapeutic proved to be simple to implement and viable for repair of the bullous keratopathy in the Yellow-headed caracara.

This represents the first report of an odontogenic periodontal abscess in Cebus apella.

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