Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) function in soil phosphorus cycle, increasing the bioavailability of soil phosphorus for plants. Isolation and application of salt-tolerant or halophilic PSB will facilitate the development of saline-alkali soil-based agriculture. A moderately halophilic bacterium was isolated from the sediment of Daqiao saltern on the eastern coast of China, which also performs phosphate-solubilizing ability. The bacterium was assigned to genus Kushneria according to its 16S rRNA gene sequence, and accordingly named as Kushneria sp. YCWA18. The fastest growth was observed when the culturing temperature was 28°C and the concentration of NaCl was 6% (w/v). It was founds that the bacterium can survive at a concentration of NaCl up to 20%. At the optimum condition, the bacterium solubilized 283.16 μg/mL phosphorus in 11 days after being inoculated in 200 mL Ca3(PO4)2 containing liquid medium, and 47.52 μg/mL phosphorus in 8 days after being inoculated in 200 mL lecithin-containing liquid medium. The growth of the bacterium was concomitant with a significant decrease of acidity of the medium.

Sunxiuqinia elliptica gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes isolated from sediment in a sea cucumber farm Three novel aerobic, elliptic bacteria, designated DQHS4 T , DQHS8 and DQHS15, were isolated from sediment of a seashore pond for sea cucumber culture in Jimo, Qingdao, on the east coast of China. Cells were Gram-, oxidase-and catalase-negative. All three strains grew at 15-42 6C, pH 5-9 and NaCl concentrations between 0.5 and 10 %. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed high (.85 %) relatedness among the three novel isolates and suggested that the strains constitute a single species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that these bacteria had less than 90 % similarity to all described species of the phylum Bacteroidetes; the closest relative of the three isolates was Prolixibacter bellariivorans F2 T , sharing only 89.6 % sequence similarity. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH (19.8-20.0 %), iso-C 15 : 0 (16.9-17.3 %), anteiso-C 17 : 1 B and/or iso-C 17 : 1 I (7.4-8.7 %), C 17 : 0 2-OH (8.4 %), anteiso-C 15 : 0 (8.2-8.6 %) and C 17 : 1 v6c (5.6-6.0 %). The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the DNA G+C content was 41.8-43.5 mol%. Based on the distinct phylogenetic position and the combination of genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, these three strains were considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Sunxiuqinia elliptica gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Sunxiuqinia elliptica is DQHS4 T (5CGMCC 1.9156 T 5NCCB 100301 T 5LMG 25367 T ).

(Dobson & Franzmann, 1996; Martínez-Cánovas et al., 2004; González-Domenech et al., 2008). The colonies of species of the genus Halomonas are various shades of white and yellow. Species are also characterized by the presence of C 16 : 1 plus C 17 : 0 cyclo, C 16 : 0 , and C 18 : 1 plus C 19 : 0 cyclo as major fatty acids, with ubiquinone 9 (Q-9) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone (Dobson & Franzmann, 1996;Li et al., 2008; González-Domenech et al., 2009). The DNA G+C content of recognized species of the genus Halomonas ranges from 52 mol% (Halomonas venusta) (Akagawa &Yamasato, 1989;Dobson & Franzmann, 1996) to 74.3 mol% (Halomonas ventosae) (Martínez-Cánovas et al., 2004). We isolated two exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing strains, YCSA28 T and YCSA39, from sediment of a saltern. They were considered to be members of the genus Halomonas based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences. The aim of this work was to determine the exact taxonomic position of strains YCSA28T and YCSA39 based on their phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic characteristics.Sediment was sampled at Daqiao saltern, Jimo, Qingdao, on the east coast of China (120.82 u E 36.50 u N). Approximately 1 g sediment was suspended in 100 ml sterilized seawater and vortexed for 10 min. Isolates were obtained by plating serial 10-fold dilutions of the suspension onto modified marine agar medium 2216E-S Abbreviations: EPS, exopolysaccharide; PHB, poly-b-hydroxybutyrate.3These authors contributed equally to this work.

Cohaesibacter marisflavi sp. nov., isolated from sediment of a seawater pond used for sea cucumber culture, and emended description of the genus Cohaesibacter T , was isolated from sediment of a seawater pond used for sea cucumber culture at Jimo in Qingdao province on the east coast of China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DQHS21T belonged to the genus Cohaesibacter, sharing the highest sequence similarity (96.1 %) with Cohaesibacter gelatinilyticus CL-GR15 T , while the similarity to other strains was below 93.0 %. The cellular fatty acids consisted mainly of C 18 : 1 v7c (60.7 %), C 18 : 0 (17.8 %), C 16 : 0 (8.5 %) and summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 v7c and/or iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH; 6.0 %), which together accounted for 93 % of the total fatty acids. Ubiquinone 10 was the major quinone. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA of strain DQHS21 T was 55.2 mol%. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain DQHS21 T represents a novel species of the genus Cohaesibacter, for which the name Cohaesibacter marisflavi sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain DQHS21 T (5CGMCC 1.9157 T 5NCCB 100300 T ).

A Gram-negative, oxidase-and catalase-positive, moderately halophilic strain, designated YCSA40 T , was isolated from sediment of Daqiao saltern in Qingdao, on the east coast of China. Growth occurred at 10-45 6C, at pH 5-9 and with 1-15 % NaCl.

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Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) can convert a variety of organic wastes into biomass, and its gut microbiota are involved in this process. However, the role of gut microbes in the nutrient metabolism of BSFL is unclear. In this study, germ-free BSFL (GF) and gnotobiotic BSFL (GB) were evaluated in a high-protein artificial diet model. We used 16S rDNA sequencing, ITS1 sequencing, and network analysis to study gut microbiota in BSFL that degrade proteins. The protein reduction rate of the GB BSFL group was significantly higher (increased by 73.44%) than that of the GF BSFL group. The activity of gut proteinases, such as trypsin and peptidase, in the GB group was significantly higher than the GF group. The abundances of different gut microbes, including Pseudomonas spp., Orbus spp. and Campylobacter spp., were strongly correlated with amino acid metabolic pathways. Dysgonomonas spp. were strongly correlated with protein digestion and absorption. Issatchenkia spp. had a strong correlation with pepsin activity. Campylobacter spp., Pediococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were strongly correlated with trypsin activity. Lactobacillus spp. and Bacillus spp. were strongly correlated with peptidase activity. Gut microbes such as Issatchenkia spp. may promote the gut proteolytic enzyme activity of BSFL and improve the degradation rate of proteins. BSFL protein digestion and absorption involves gut microbiota that have a variety of functions. In BSFL the core gut microbiota help complete protein degradation. These results demonstrate that core gut microbes in BSFL are important in protein degradation.

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