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Organic salts may improvement the animal performance, increasing the efficiency of nutrient utilization and modifying the intestinal microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sodium butyrate and sodium propionate supplementation at different levels of dietary inclusions in the growth of Litopenaeus vannamei. In total, seven diets were evaluated: a control diet (without supplementation) and three diets from each sodium salt, propionate and butyrate, in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. We used 21 tanks of 6000 L stocked with 150 shrimps (2.53 AE 0.03 g). The shrimps fed diets supplemented with propionate and butyrate, in all concentrations, increased their final weight. The feed efficiency, nitrogen retention, protein efficiency rate, survival and yield of shrimps fed the diet containing 2% butyrate were higher in comparison with control treatment. The shrimps supplemented with butyrate also showed lower counts of Vibrio sp. in the intestine. The shrimps fed the diet supplemented with butyrate and propionate also showed higher values of serum agglutination titre. Thus, it is possible to conclude that dietary supplementation with propionate and butyrate in different dietary concentrations modify the intestinal microbiota and improves the growth of L. vannamei.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum) supplemented diet on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a polyculture system with marine shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) as regards culture performance, hematology, and gut bacterial microbiota. Ten 20-m² pens were arranged in one earthen pond and stocked with 2 fish (41.9 g) m(-2) and 10 shrimp (2.3 g) m(-2), in total of 40 Nile tilapias and 200 shrimp per experimental unit. Tilapia groups in five of the experimental units were fed a commercial diet supplemented with L. plantarum and the other five with an unsupplemented commercial diet (control). After 12 weeks of culture, the tilapia groups fed the probiotic-supplemented diet presented values 13.6, 7.5, and 7.1% higher for feed efficiency, yield, and final weight, respectively. Viable culturable heterotrophic bacteria counts were reduced, and the number of lactic acid bacteria was increased in the gut of fish and shrimp fed the probiotic-supplemented diet. Hematological analyses showed higher number of thrombocytes and leukocytes in tilapia fed the supplemented diet. L. plantarum utilized in this study colonized the gut of tilapia and shrimp and resulted in reduced number of total bacteria and increased tilapia final weight and feed efficiency.

The dietary supplementation of prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotic in hybrid surubins (a Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and P. fasciatum cross) was evaluated for the effects on their autochthonous intestinal microbiota and on haematological and immunological parameters. A total of 160 fish were divided into four treatment groups with four replicates each. The treatment groups were fed with the following diets for 15 days: control diet without supplementation; 0.5% inulin (prebiotic) supplementation; Weissella cibaria (CPQBA 001-10 DRM 02) (7.87 ± 0.2 log CFU g )1 ) supplementation; or 0.5% inulin and W. cibaria supplementation (symbiotic group). The midgut intestines of the fish with the symbiotic diet supplementation had higher concentrations of lactic acid bacteria (7.07 ± 1.11 log CFU g )1 ) and low levels of Vibrio spp (1.90 ± 0.60 log CFU g )1 ) and Pseudomonas spp (2.23 ± 1.48 log CFU g )1 ). In addition, increased erythrocytes and reduced circulating neutrophils were observed in this group. No differences in blood glucose, serum protein or lysozyme levels were detected between treatment groups. However, a higher concentration of total immunoglobulin was observed in fish fed with the probiotic and symbiotic diets. The addition of 0.5% inulin (prebiotic) thus W. cibaria (probiotic) to the diet of Pseudoplatystoma hybrid surubins reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria and stimulate the beneficial intestinal microbiota and may possibly alter their immune defence system.

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