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Organic salts may improvement the animal performance, increasing the efficiency of nutrient utilization and modifying the intestinal microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sodium butyrate and sodium propionate supplementation at different levels of dietary inclusions in the growth of Litopenaeus vannamei. In total, seven diets were evaluated: a control diet (without supplementation) and three diets from each sodium salt, propionate and butyrate, in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. We used 21 tanks of 6000 L stocked with 150 shrimps (2.53 AE 0.03 g). The shrimps fed diets supplemented with propionate and butyrate, in all concentrations, increased their final weight. The feed efficiency, nitrogen retention, protein efficiency rate, survival and yield of shrimps fed the diet containing 2% butyrate were higher in comparison with control treatment. The shrimps supplemented with butyrate also showed lower counts of Vibrio sp. in the intestine. The shrimps fed the diet supplemented with butyrate and propionate also showed higher values of serum agglutination titre. Thus, it is possible to conclude that dietary supplementation with propionate and butyrate in different dietary concentrations modify the intestinal microbiota and improves the growth of L. vannamei.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum) supplemented diet on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a polyculture system with marine shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) as regards culture performance, hematology, and gut bacterial microbiota. Ten 20-m² pens were arranged in one earthen pond and stocked with 2 fish (41.9 g) m(-2) and 10 shrimp (2.3 g) m(-2), in total of 40 Nile tilapias and 200 shrimp per experimental unit. Tilapia groups in five of the experimental units were fed a commercial diet supplemented with L. plantarum and the other five with an unsupplemented commercial diet (control). After 12 weeks of culture, the tilapia groups fed the probiotic-supplemented diet presented values 13.6, 7.5, and 7.1% higher for feed efficiency, yield, and final weight, respectively. Viable culturable heterotrophic bacteria counts were reduced, and the number of lactic acid bacteria was increased in the gut of fish and shrimp fed the probiotic-supplemented diet. Hematological analyses showed higher number of thrombocytes and leukocytes in tilapia fed the supplemented diet. L. plantarum utilized in this study colonized the gut of tilapia and shrimp and resulted in reduced number of total bacteria and increased tilapia final weight and feed efficiency.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar bactérias ácido-lácticas do intestino de tilápias-do-nilo, e avaliar seu potencial probiótico. Foram isoladas cepas de bactérias ácido-lácticas, e foi avaliada a inibição aos patógenos in vitro. As cepas com os melhores resultados foram identificadas e utilizadas no experimento de colonização do trato intestinal de tilápias-do-nilo, via suplementação na dieta, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três tratamentos e quatro repetições. Foram avaliados: o total de bactérias, as bactérias ácido-lácticas, Vibrio ssp. e Pseudomonas ssp. A cepa com melhor resultado foi utilizada na infecção experimental, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x3: dieta suplementada com a cepa e dietacontrole; e os peixes não submetidos à injeção, peixes submetidos à injeção de solução salina e à injeção de Enterococcus durans, com três repetições. Foram avaliados os parâmetros hematológicos. As duas cepas identificadas foram: Lactobacillus plantarum e Lactobacillus brevis, que colonizaram o trato intestinal de tilápias, contudo L. plantarum teve menor número total de bactérias e de Pseudomonas ssp. Foi observado maior número total de eritrócitos, trombócitos, leucócitos, linfócitos, neutrófilos e monócitos, em peixes alimentados com L. plantarum e submetidos à injeção de E. durans. O L. plantarum tem efeito probiótico e melhora o sistema imune das tilápias.Termos para indexação: Enterococcus durans, Lactobacillus plantarum, Oreochromis niloticus, hematologia, infecção experimental. Lactic-acid bacteria isolated from the intestinal tract of Nile tilapia utilized as probioticAbstract -The objective of this work was to isolate lactic-acid bacteria from the intestines of Nile tilapia, and to assess their potential as probiotic. Strains of lactic-acid bacteria were isolated, and inhibition against pathogens was evaluated in vitro. Strains with best results were identified and used in tilapia intestinal tract colonization experiment through supplementation in the diet, in a completely randomized design, with three treatments and four replicates. Total number bacteria, lactic-acid bacteria, Vibrio ssp. and Pseudomonas ssp. were evaluated. The strain with best result was used for experimental infection, in a completely randomized design, in factorial arrangement 2x3: diet supplemented with strain and control diet; and fish not submitted to injection, fish submitted to injection of saline solution, and fish submitted to injection of Enterococcus durans, with three replicates. Hematological parameters were evaluated. Two strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis, which colonized fishes' intestinal tract. However, L. plantarum had the lowest number of total bacteria and of Pseudomonas ssp. Greater number of red blood cells, thrombocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes were observed in fish fed with L. plantarum and submitted to injection of E. durans. L. plantarum has probiotic effect on Nile tilapias and improve their imm...

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ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different dietary lipid and fatty acids on the nutritional value of bioflocs used as a feed, as well as shrimp performance and health. A total of 1800 Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles (2.87 ± 0.01 g) were cultured in biofloc technology, with a density of 200 shrimp m−2, and fed with three isoproteic experimental diets at different lipid levels (85 g kg−1, 95 g kg−1 and 105 g kg−1); each treatment was performed in triplicate. After 61 days, no significant difference was observed (P > 0.05) among the water quality parameters. For the shrimp performance, significant difference was observed (P = 0.011) among the values of survival, where treatments with lower lipid levels had higher survival (92.5 ± 3.5% and 91.0 ± 2.5%). Although there are significant differences in survival, no significant differences in the total haemocytes count (THC) were observed. For other growth performance, no differences were observed (P > 0.05). A positive correlation (r = 0.75) has been observed between the dietary oleic acid and bioflocs. The bioflocs showed ‘long‐chain’ polyunsaturated fat acids (lcPUFA), especially arachidonic acid. The shrimp showed similar growth and stayed healthy at the end of the experimental period.