Virus tungro disease is a serious problem to rice crop in a certain area of rice production in Indonesia. The disease is caused by a combined infection of Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV) and Rice Tungro Spherical Virus (RTSV). Both viruses were reported to infect ratoon rice plants, weeds, and wild rice. The study was conducted to detect RTBV and RTSV on some weeds. Weed samples were collected from rice fields in West Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, Papua, and West Sumatera. The detection of RTBV and RTSV were carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Reverse Transcription (RT) – PCR, employing coat protein gene specific primers. RTBV specific DNA fragment of ~1400 bp size was successfully amplified from various weed species including: F. miliacea, C. iria, M. vaginalis, L. adscendens, S. zeylanica, D. sanguinalis, and E. crusgalli. RTSV specific DNA fragment of ~787 bp size was successfully amplified from weed species of F. miliacea, L. octovalvis, and D. sanguinalis. RTBV or RTSV specific DNA fragment was not amplified from L. flava and P. distichum. Weed samples infected by both viruses did not show any tungro symptom. Virus detection based on molecular technique was able to determine the status of weed whether it is as an alternate host of viruses. Weeds sanitation prior to rice planting, therefore, should be considered as an integral part of virus disease management.
DETECTION OF TUNGRO VIRUS ON RICE IN BENGKULU]. Several types of viruses have been reported to infect rice plants in Indonesia, including tungro, dwarf grass, and empty dwarfs. The spread of tungro in Indonesia in the beginning was only limited to certain regions in South Sulawesi, South Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara and North Sulawesi, but later it expanded to East Java, Central Java and Yogyakarta. In this study a tungro disease survey was conducted in several areas in Bengkulu Province. Virus detection is done by Loop-medated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Observations in the field showed that there were typical symptoms of tungro infection in rice plants, namely orange leaves starting from leaves to 2 and 3, little tillers, stunted plant growth. The results of detection with Lamp-PCR showed rice samples from the district Pondok Kelapa Kab Bengkulu Tengah is positively infected with tungro virus.
Tungro disease is one of the important diseases in rice plants. One of the efforts to reduce the spread of tungro virus is to ensure the presence of the virus in the field. This is the first step to prevent the spread and control of tungro disease, especially in West Papua. One detection technique that can be done is molecular detection through PCR techniques. Rice samples detected were Mekongga and Inpari varieties taken from rice plants in West Papua. Total DNA of RTBV, one of the viruses that cause tungro disease, was extracted and amplified using DAF primers (5-GGAATTCCGGCCCTCAaA AACCTAGAAG-3) and DAR (5-GGGGGTACCCCCCTC CGATTTCCCATGTATG-3). The PCR RTBV results showed that the positive samples were infected with Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV). This is indicated by amplification of DNA measuring ± 1400 bp which is the target size of the DAF and DAR primers. The results of this study are preliminary information that can be used as a basis for tungro control and recommendations for future cropping.
<p>Tungro disease is one of the obstacles to increase the national rice production program. In some areas, this important disease is endemic. On the one hand, some farmers in controlling plant pests and diseases still use pesticides, which negatively impact health and the environment. On the other hand, environmentally friendly tungro disease control technology is available. This study aims to determine an environmentally friendly integrated control technique for tungro disease consisting of resistant varieties, biopesticides, and conservation of natural enemies with flowering plants in suppressing green leafhopper populations and the incidence of tungro transmission in infection-sensitive plant stage. The test area is located in Lanrang,Sidrap at the Experimental field of Tungro Disease Research Station, Lanrang Sidrap, South Sulawesi, Indonesia from April to September 2017, using a split-plot design. Main plots are: 1) Biointensive control plots, using flowering plants (refugia) and pest control with andrometa which is a mixture of the entomopathogenic fungus Metharizium anisopliae and sambiloto extract; 2) Conventional plots, without flowering plants and pest control using pesticides. As sub-plots are rice varieties: 1) TN1, 2) IR64, and 3) Inpari-9 Elo which differ in resistance to tungro. Observations were made at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after planting (MST). The results showed that the population of green leafhoppers in the TN1, both in the bio-intensive control plot and in the conventional control plot, was higher than the other two varieties. The population of natural enemies in bio-intensive control consists of 10 predator families and the conventional control consists of 9 predator families. The effectiveness of bio-intensive control has an effect on decreasing the population of green leafhoppers and the diversity of natural enemies, and has no significant effect on the incidence of tungro transmission, and has no effect on grain yield. Therefore, biointensive control needs to be developed to create a pesticide-free agricultural environment.</p>
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