Background Ileus is common after elective colorectal surgery, and is associated with increased adverse events and prolonged hospital stay. The aim was to assess the role of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reducing ileus after surgery. Methods A prospective multicentre cohort study was delivered by an international, student‐ and trainee‐led collaborative group. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The primary outcome was time to gastrointestinal recovery, measured using a composite measure of bowel function and tolerance to oral intake. The impact of NSAIDs was explored using Cox regression analyses, including the results of a centre‐specific survey of compliance to enhanced recovery principles. Secondary safety outcomes included anastomotic leak rate and acute kidney injury. Results A total of 4164 patients were included, with a median age of 68 (i.q.r. 57–75) years (54·9 per cent men). Some 1153 (27·7 per cent) received NSAIDs on postoperative days 1–3, of whom 1061 (92·0 per cent) received non‐selective cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitors. After adjustment for baseline differences, the mean time to gastrointestinal recovery did not differ significantly between patients who received NSAIDs and those who did not (4·6 versus 4·8 days; hazard ratio 1·04, 95 per cent c.i. 0·96 to 1·12; P = 0·360). There were no significant differences in anastomotic leak rate (5·4 versus 4·6 per cent; P = 0·349) or acute kidney injury (14·3 versus 13·8 per cent; P = 0·666) between the groups. Significantly fewer patients receiving NSAIDs required strong opioid analgesia (35·3 versus 56·7 per cent; P < 0·001). Conclusion NSAIDs did not reduce the time for gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery, but they were safe and associated with reduced postoperative opioid requirement.
Dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis in workers exposed to anesthetic gases was found to be disturbed after adjusting for the possible contribution of anxiety. We infer that this is due to the oxidative effect of exposure to anesthetic gases.
Background Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of major gastrointestinal surgery with an impact on short- and long-term survival. No validated system for risk stratification exists for this patient group. This study aimed to validate externally a prognostic model for AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery in two multicentre cohort studies. Methods The Outcomes After Kidney injury in Surgery (OAKS) prognostic model was developed to predict risk of AKI in the 7 days after surgery using six routine datapoints (age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker). Validation was performed within two independent cohorts: a prospective multicentre, international study (‘IMAGINE’) of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery (2018); and a retrospective regional cohort study (‘Tayside’) in major abdominal surgery (2011–2015). Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict risk of AKI, with multiple imputation used to account for data missing at random. Prognostic accuracy was assessed for patients at high risk (greater than 20 per cent) of postoperative AKI. Results In the validation cohorts, 12.9 per cent of patients (661 of 5106) in IMAGINE and 14.7 per cent (106 of 719 patients) in Tayside developed 7-day postoperative AKI. Using the OAKS model, 558 patients (9.6 per cent) were classified as high risk. Less than 10 per cent of patients classified as low-risk developed AKI in either cohort (negative predictive value greater than 0.9). Upon external validation, the OAKS model retained an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of range 0.655–0.681 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.596 to 0.714; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.659 to 0.703), sensitivity values range 0.323–0.352 (IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.281 to 0.368; Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.253 to 0.461), and specificity range 0.881–0.890 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.853 to 0.905; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.881 to 0.899). Conclusion The OAKS prognostic model can identify patients who are not at high risk of postoperative AKI after gastrointestinal surgery with high specificity. Presented to Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT) International Conference 2018 (Edinburgh, UK), European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) International Conference 2018 (Nice, France), SARS (Society of Academic and Research Surgery) 2020 (Virtual, UK).
ÖzetHer gebe, ilk trimestrde HBV infeksiyonu açısından taranmalıdır. HBV aşı-sı gebeliğin her döneminde güvenlidir ve risk altındaki gebeler aşılanmalı-dır. Aktif hastalık veya siroz düşünülüyorsa, gebeliğin trimestr'inden bağım-sız olarak oral antiviral tedavi başlanmalıdır. İnaktif hastalık düşünülüyorsa, tedavi gebelik sonrasına ertelenebilir, ancak alevlenme riskine karşı gebelik süresince ve postpartum dönemde takip edilmelidir. Tüm enfekte gebelerin 2.trimestrin sonunda (26-28. haftalar) HBV DNA düzeyi tetkik edilmelidir. Bu konuda klavuzlarda fikir birliği olmamasına karşın viral yük >10⁶copy/ml üzerindeyse 3.trimestr başında (28.-30.haftalar) oral antiviral başlanmalıdır. HBV DNA <10⁶ kopya/ml olduğu koşullarda, önceki çocukta immünoproflak-si başarısızlığı ve HBeAg (+)'liği durumunda oral antiviral tedavi başlanmalı-dır. Oral antiviral ajan, aktif hastalık veya siroz yoksa doğumdan 4 hafta sonra kesilebilir. İleri evre hastalık varsa tedavi devamı, alevlenme ve dekompansasyon riski olduğundan önerilir. Emzirme sırasında oral antiviral tedavi öne-rilmemektedir. Bebeğe doğumda aktif-pasif immünoproflaksi uygulanmalıdır. Anahtar KelimelerGebelik; Hepatit B Virusu; Tedavi Abstract Every pregnant should be screened for HBV during first trimester.HBV vaccine is safe during pregnancy.In case of active infection or cirrhosis antiviral therapy should be started in any trimester.If HBV infection is not active treatment can be postponed until after delivery but the patient should be followed closely for HBV flares during pregnancy and postpartum period.HBV DNA levels should be measured at the end of second trimester.If viral load is >10⁶copy/ml oral antiviral should be started although there is no consensus in guidelines.If HBV DNA <10⁶ copy/ml oral antiviral treatment should be started in case of immunoprophylaxis failure in previous births or HBeAg positivity.Treatment can be stopped 4 weeks after birth if there is no active replication or cirrhosis.In case of advanced disease treatment is continued due to risk of flare or decompansation.Oral antiviral treatment is not adviced during breastfeeding.Active-passive immunoprophylaxis should be given to newborn soon after birth.
Bu çalışmada sezaryen geçiren hastalarda intratekal enjeksiyon hızının post-dural ponksiyon baş ağrısı (PDPBA) üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Spinal anestezi ile sezaryen operasyonu planlanan 18-45 yaş arasında 140 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiş ve randomize olarak 2 gruba ayrılmıştır. Oturur pozisyonda L4-L5 seviyesinden, median girişle, 25G Quincke spinal iğne ile 10 mg hiperbarik 0.5% bupivakaine; Grup I'deki hastalara intratekal yoldan olabildiğince hızlı bir şekilde enjeksiyon uygulandı ve Grup II'deki hastalara ise enjeksiyon 40 saniye içinde uygulandı. İntraoperatif dönemde hemodinamik verileri, efedrin ihtiyacı ve bulantı-kusma sıklığı kaydedildi. İşlem tarihinden 7 gün sonra hastalar telefon ile aranıp PDPBA yönünden sorgulandı. PDPBA'nın sorgulanmasında ICHD-III kriterleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Gruplar arasında karşılaştırmada PDPBA insidansı (Grup I: %29.0 ve Grup II: %31.4) ve şiddeti açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır (p>0.05). Hemodinamik veriler, efedrin ihtiyacı, bulantı kusma görülme sıklığı karşılaştırıldığında gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark gözlenmemiştir (p>0.05). Sonuç: Spinal anestezi ile sezaryen geçiren gebelerde, hiperbarik bupivakainin intratekal alana farklı hızlarda verilmesinin; PDPBA sıklığını ve şiddetini, hemodinamik parametreleri, efedrin gereksinimi ve bulantı kusma sıklığını etkilemediği kanaatindeyiz.
Introduction: Lumbar puncture is a procedure frequently used in anesthetic practice. For the success of the procedure, prediction of skin to subarachnoid space distance (SSD) is valuable. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between SSD with age and body mass index (BMI). Methods: Two hundred and fifty patients, ASA physical status I, II, and III scheduled to undergo elective surgery under spinal anesthesia, were studied. Spinal anesthesia was induced in the sitting position at the L3–4 vertebral level using a midline approach. Furthermore, the level of L3–L4 was identified by palpation, using Tuffier’s line as a guide. Following an intrathecal injection, the spinal needle was grasped between the thumb and the index finger during its removal from the patient’s back. From the grasping point, SSD was measured using rulers. Results: Mean values of SSD at the L3-4 interspace were 55.43±6.47 mm (range 35-74). Statistically significant correlations were observed between SSD with BMI and body weight (ρ=0.650, P<0.001 and ρ=0.651, P<0.001, respectively). Statistically significant correlation was not found between SSD with age, gender and body height (ρ=0.120, P=0.058; ρ=-0.047, P=0.4568 and ρ=0.089, P=0.159, respectively). Conclusions: SSD is affected by BMI and body weight but not by age, gender and body height.
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