Background:Anxiety is a common preprocedural problem and during processing especially in interventional medical processes.Aim:Aim of this study was to assess the level of anxiety in patients who will undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and coloscopy.Methods:Five hundred patients scheduled to undergo sedation for elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy were studied. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was administered to each patient before brought to the endoscopy room. Demographic data of patients were collected.Results:BAI scores and anxiety levels were significantly lower in; males compared to females, patients with no comorbidity compared to patients with comorbidity (both P values < 0.001). BAI scores were significantly lower in patients educational status university and upper compared to patients educational status primary-high school (p=0.026). There were no significant difference between BAI and anxiety levels compared to procedures (Respectively, P=0.144 P=0.054). There were no significant difference between BAI scores and anxiety levels compared to age groups (Respectively, P=0.301 P=0.214).Conclusions:We think that level of anxiety in patients who will undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy was effected by presence of comorbidities and gender but was not effected by features such as age, procedure type and educational status.

BACKGROUND: Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring can positively affect cognitive performance through decreasing the use of sedative agents. We aimed to evaluate the effect of BIS monitoring on early cognitive performance among patients undergoing sedation for colonoscopy. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized, controlled trial in a university hospital. METHODS: 100 patients were randomized into two groups. In the monitored group (n = 50), the depth of anesthesia was monitored using the BIS, and BIS scores were maintained between 60 and 80. In the usual care group (n = 50), BIS monitoring was not performed. To determine the patients' baseline cognitive performance levels, the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Trieger dot test (TDT) and clock drawing test (CDT) were used. The patients' post-procedure cognitive performance levels were determined when they were classified as ready for discharge. RESULTS: The total volume (mg) of propofol used [median (range) IQR] in the sedation procedure was lower in the monitored group [100 (50-200) 100-140] than in the usual care group [150 (75-200) 100-200] (P < 0.001). The discharge scores [mean (SD)] using MMSE and CDT were higher in the monitored group [26 (3) and 3 (1), respectively] than in the usual care group [23 (3) and 2 (1), respectively] (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002, respectively). The discharge scores using TDT [mean (SD)] were lower in the monitored group [11 (7)] than in the usual care group [15 (11)] (P = 0.033). CONCLUSION: BIS monitoring among sedated patients was associated with lower propofol use and smaller decline in cognitive performance. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12617000134325).

OBJECTIVE:Several methods are used to control the pain after cesarean operations. Recently, the transverse abdominis plane block (TAP) has been proposed to compensate for the problems developed by preexisting methods. In the present study, we compared the analgesic efficacy of the TAP block after caesarean section in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded controlled trial.METHODS:In this study, thirty patients undergoing cesarean sections under general anesthesia were divided into two groups. Patients in Group T (n=15) on whom TAP Block with USG guidance was performed using 0.25% bupivacaine totally 60 ml. The patients in Group C were administered (n=15), 0.9% NaCl totally 60 ml (30 ml at each side) with USG guidance. Post-operative demand of meperidine using a patient-controlled analgesia device was recorded.RESULTS:First time on the need for analgesia were significantly higher in the control group (Group C). The total dose of meperidine, tenoxicam, paracetamol used for analgesia was significantly higher in the Group C. The outset times of breastfeeding and mobilization did not change between the groups.CONCLUSION:The USG-TAP block with 0.25% bupivacaine 60 ml (30 ml on each side) significantly reduced post-operative pain in patients undergoing the cesarean section. We think that TAP block is a comfortable and feasible method which reduces post-operative analgesia need and does not lead any serious complications.

No abstract

Objective: Sedation for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, commonly used for diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, has been increasing widespread. Sedative agent requirements during sedation or anesthesia can be affected by many factors such as age and sex. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-procedural anxiety levels on sedative requirements during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.Material and Methods: 300 patients between the ages of 18-70 years were studied. Baseline anxiety levels were measured before the procedure using Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form X1. Propofol was administered to have BIS values between 65-85 during sedation. Doses of propofol, total procedure time, satisfaction of the patients and endoscopists and BIS values were recorded.Results: Pre-procedural anxiety was 44 (40-48 [20-70]). We found significant correlations between pre-procedure anxiety and the usage of propofol (mg, mg/kg, mg/kg/dk) at BIS values between 65-85, [respectively, (p= 0.451, p< 0.001), (p= 0.455, p< 0.001), (p= 0.428, p< 0.001)]. No correlation was found between pre-procedure anxiety and procedural or sedation complications (respectively p= 0.111, p= 0.424 and p= 0.408, p= 0.363). We found significant negative correlations between pre-procedure anxiety and the satisfaction of the patients/endoscopist [respectively, (p= -0.477, p< 0.001), (p= -0.495, p< 0.001)]. Conclusion:Based on the results of this study, we suggest that there is a significant association between the pre-procedural anxiety levels and use of sedative drugs in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.