The findings of this preliminary study suggest that the crevicular fluid level of OPG deserves further investigation as a possible marker to evaluate the health status of surrounding tissues of dental implants, as this was not the case for the sRANKL level. Larger scale studies, particularly in peri-implantitis cases, may shed more light on this subject.
* Replantation of root-filled incisors with complete vertical root fracture after resin bonding might be a realistic alternative to extraction. * Practitioners should be aware of the possible disadvantages as well as advantages associated with failure of a replanted incisor with complete vertical root fracture.
Maxillary canine transplantation can be a reliable treatment alternative. Clinical measurements demonstrated long-term stability. Based on the literature and the present findings, maxillary canine transplantation can be suggested as a promising treatment modality.
This study demonstrated that poly(styrene-co-N-maleimide isobutyl polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS)) (P(S-co-NMIP)) was successfully prepared using free radical polymerization. For this purpose, firstly, N-maleimide isobutyl POSS (NMIP) was synthesized using aminopropyllsobutyl POSS (POSS-NH 2 ) and maleic anhydride. Secondly, P(S-co-NMIP) was synthesized using styrene, NMIP, and 2,2-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as initiator in tetrahydrofuran for 24 h at 75 C to give copolymer. The synthesized polymer and compounds were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal behaviors of P(S-co-NMIP) were analyzed using thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analyses. The apparent activation energies (Es) for thermal degradation of P(S-co-NMIP) were obtained by integral methods (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger). P(S-co-NMIP) was heated thermogravimetrically under various heating rates such as 5, 10, 15, and 20 C min À1 at a temperature range of 30-1000 C to determine their thermal degradation mechanisms. The values of E for P(S-co-NMIP) were found to be 127.5 + 2.3 and 134.4 + 14.8 kJ mol À1 for FWO and Kissinger methods, respectively. Also, the values of E of synthesized copolymer (P(S-co-NMIP)) were compared with styreneco-maleic anhydride copolymer in literature.
The objective of this study was to evaluate local tissue reactions at silk, chromic gut, polypropylene, polyester, and polyglactin 910 suture materials for intraoral applications. One hundred eighteen sutures were placed into the palatal mucosa of 26 male New Zealand rabbits so that each animal included all five biomaterials. The animals were fed a soft diet and decapitated 2, 4, or 8 days after suture placement. Soft tissue specimens including suture materials were prepared for light microscopy to determine the inflammatory zones including eosinophil infiltration on the suture tract. No significant differences were observed in the sutural zone diameter (Z1) between the suture materials at the 2nd day. At the 4th day, polypropylene and catgut had a lesser Z1 diameter compared to polyglactin 910. Dacron presented the widest mean Z1 diameter compared to polyglactin 910 (p<0.01), catgut (p<0.01), polypropylene (p<0.05) and silk (p<0.05) at the 8th day. On the day 8, the largest mean Z2 diameter was observed in dacron group compared to the mean Z2 values of catgut (p<0.05) and polyglactin 910 (p<0.01). Also the mean Z2 values of silk were significantly wider compared to polyglactin 910 (p<0.05). There was no difference between the eosinophil scores of the suture materials (p>0.05). Within the limitations of the present study, it may be said that silk and dakron sutures apparently induced more severe inflammatory reactions. When selecting a suture material for intraoral use the surgeons should take into consideration the tissue reaction caused by materials.
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