Supernumerary teeth are relatively common in the oral cavity and are characterized by an excessive number of teeth. The term "mesiodens" refers to a supernumerary tooth located in the midline of the maxilla between the central incisors. Mesiodens may cause a variety of pathological complications such as impaction of the maxillary central incisors, tooth retention or delayed eruption of the permanent incisors,crowding, eruption within the nasal cavity, formation of diastema, intraoral infection, root anomaly, root resorption of adjacent teeth and cyst formation accompanied by bone destruction. Therefore it is recommended to follow-up with regular radiographic examination. Early diagnosis minimizes treatment needs and prevents associated complications. The present case, followed for 7 years, presented bilateral mesiodens resulting in delayed eruption of the permanent incisors and emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary management and long-term follow-up.
Biofilm is a complex polymicrobial community containing various types of microorganisms, surrounded by a polysaccharide matrix produced by these microorganisms that can communicate with each other and adhere to surfaces. These complex structures gain some properties to biofilm such as adaptability to different conditions and the development of resistance mechanisms of microorganisms. The three major components required for biofilm are; microorganisms, a solid surface and fluid flow respectively. The oral cavity contains these three components and provides a convenient environment for biofilm formation in a short time. Therefore; the bacterial community embedded in an extracellular polysaccharide matrix and adhered to the surface such as tooth and surrounding tissues, root canals, implant components, restorative and prosthetic materials are named as biofilm. Oral biofilm is seen as a clinically relevant microbiological process due to causing primary and secondary caries, failure of endodontic treatment, periodontal diseases and implant loss due to the effect of cariogenic bacteria according to the surfaces formed. This study presents a review of the information about biofilm formation, structure, interactions of microorganisms with each other and the place and importance of biofilm in dentistry since biofilm is one of the most important problems in food industry, dentistry and medicine.
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