Potato is the third largest food crop in Bangladesh by tonnage of production. Its acreage and production are also increasing in day after day. This study was accomplished to examine the profitability and resource use efficiency of potato cultivation in five upazilas of Munshiganj district of Bangladesh. A total of 52 farmers were selected randomly from the study area. Data were collected through farm survey by using a suitable pre-tested questionnaire in February-March, 2016. Profitability analysis, Cobb-Douglas production function, MVP, MFC and Farm Budgeting model were used to analyze the objectives. Average gross return, gross margin and net return were found Tk. 3,47,200, Tk. 1,47,125 and Tk. 1,17,300, respectively. Benefit-cost ratio was found 1.51 and 1.74 on full cost and variable cost basis, respectively. The key production factors, i.e. human labour, land preparation, seed, fertilizer, insecticides and irrigations had significant effect on gross return of potato. Resource use efficiency analysis revealed that farmers were not efficient in using resources in potato cultivation. Human labor, land preparation, insecticide and irrigation were under-utilized and therefore increasing use of those resources could maximize the profitability. Seed and fertilizer constituted major parts of the cost of production hence optimum use of those resources could also enhance the profitability and resource use efficiency of potato cultivation in Munshiganj district.

The paper analysed the profitability and resource use efficiency of boro rice cultivation in Bogra district of Bangladesh using farm level survey data of April-May, 2016. In total 103 farmers were selected randomly from the study area. Result based on Farm Budgeting model showed that per hectare variable cost and total cost of production was BDT (Bangladeshi Taka) 57,583 and BDT 71,208 respectively. Average yield was found 4.112 ton which was more than the previous year's national average yield of 3.965 ton. The average gross return, gross margin, and net return were BDT 86,548, BDT 28,965 and BDT 15,340 respectively. Benefit-Cost ratio (BCR) was found 1.22 and 1.50 on full cost and variable cost basis. Cobb-Douglas production function analysis showed that the key production factors, that is, human labour, irrigation, insecticide, seed and fertilizer had statistically significant effect on yield. MVP and MFC ratio analysis showed that growers allocated most of their resources in the rational stage of production.

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The study was carried out to analyse the economics of shifting land from field crops to hog plum cultivation in southern Bangladesh during July to September 2018. A total of 120 farmers were selected by using multistage stratified random sampling technique to collect primary data. Result of the study shows that the per hectare average total cost of hog plum cultivation was Tk. 94,126. The average yield of hog plum was 7.97 t ha-1. Net return from hog plum cultivation was Tk. 126,921 per hectare. By cultivating hog plum, farmers obtained 56 to 93% higher net return than the other existing cropping patterns. Since the BCR (2.94), NPV (Tk. 2215,000) and IRR (59%) were very high, the land shifting decision towards hog plum cultivation was sensible. However, BCR was very low in the initial stages of hog plum plantation. Initial investment support from public or private sector could facilitate the growth of this cultivation practice. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(2): 155-163, December 2020

lomerulonephritis is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease in our country like in other developing countries. The incidence and histological pattern of primary GN in our countare is inadequately described. This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted at the nephrology unit in Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh starting from January 2019 - December 2019 including all patients with suspected primary GN who underwent kidney biopsies. Total 35 biopsies were performed. M: F 1.3:1 .Mean age was 33.71+_12.2 yrs. Membranoproliferative GN (34.28%) was the most common cause followed by mesangioproliferative (22.85%), IgA nephropathy (17.14%), membranous (11.42%), FSGS ( 11.42%) and minimal change disease (2.8%). Among 35 cases, 20 had proliferative verity. In immunofluroscence study, 19 had mild to marked deposits of immunoglubulin. 5.71% had post-biopsy complication which was not significant enough. As the sample size was small so needs more studies in large to get the specific epidemiological patterns of primary GN.

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