The research developed a combined system in batch flow and in pilot scale for the treatment and reuse of urban effluents. The system was fed raw effluent from a university campus in Brazil and composed of four anaerobic reactors, three constructed wetlands (CWs) and an ozonation unit. The three sequential hybrid constructed wetlands were composed of a floating treatment wetland, an aerobic-anoxic baffled constructed wetland (CW) and a saturated vertifcal flow CW. Later, during the last trimester, weekly samples of the treated effluent were ozonated by bubbling with an application rate of 240 mg.h-1 O3. The system presented high removal rates efficiencies in terms of carbonaceous organic matter (78.9%), nitrogen (91.0%), color (96.7%) and turbidity (99.1%). In addition, it worked well for disinfection and acute ecotoxicity, but P was only efficiently (75%) removed in the first 8 months, with removing efficiency declining after this period. Ozonation provided significant color removal and an increased pH. The combination of floating, alternated upflow and downflow and saturated vertical flows improved the treatment of wastewater. This was due to the presence of both aerobic and anaerobic zones, as well as the filter substrate, through an integrated system with simple construction and operation and increased lifespan.
Objetivo: Analisar criticamente a literatura produzida acerca dos fatores de risco da depressão pós-parto indicando os níveis de evidência nas pesquisas realizadas. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Os dados foram coletados utilizando a base de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), National Library of Medicine (MedLine), com associação dos descritores: pós-parto (postpartum), depressão (depression), fatores de risco (risk factors) e enfermagem (nursing). Resultados: Foram analisados 17 artigos, publicados no período de 2009 a 2014. Os principais fatores associados à depressão puerperal foram: não ter companheiro, números de filhos excessivos, gravidez na adolescência, falta de apoio da família, condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis, violência doméstica e quadros anteriores de depressão. Conclusão: Acredita-se que a depressão pós-parto é uma doença que afeta mulheres no período gestacional e puerperal independentemente de idade, raça, religião e fator financeiro, sendo necessárias medidas como detecção precoce e apoio familiar para superação do quadro clínico.Palavras-chave: Depressão pós-parto; gravidez; saúde da mulher.Objective: Critically review of literature on postpartum depression risk factors indicating evidence provided by conducted researches. Method: This is an integrative literature review. Data were collected using the Literature Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO)and National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE) database with association of the following descriptors: postpartum; depression; risk factors; and nursing. Results: We analyzed 17 articles published from 2009 to 2014. The main factors associated with postpartum depression were: not having a partner, excessive number of children, teenage pregnancy, lack of family support, poor socioeconomic conditions, domestic violence and previous history of depression. Conclusion: It is accepted that postpartum depression affects women during pregnancy and puerperal period regardless of age, race, religion and socioeconomic status, requiring measures such as early detection and family support to overcome its clinical picture.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be characterized as a neurobiological disorder, with genetic causes, presenting, among the main symptoms, inattention, restless behaviors, as well as impulsivity problems. This disorder appears during childhood and can accompany humans throughout their life cycle. The treatment can be carried out through the association of drugs, psychotherapy and speech therapy, especially when speech disorders or writing problems are observed. In this context, the present article has as its guiding question: how can speech therapy act to reduce the problems caused by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? Thus, the main objective of this research is to analyze, through the already published literature, the intervention of speech therapy in patients diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. For the foundation of the research, it was necessary to carry out an integrative bibliographical research, analyzing several theories related to the intervention of speech therapy in people with ADHD. For this, searches were carried out in the databases: Scielo, Pubmed, Lilacs and Medline. It is concluded through this research that the performance of speech therapists in individuals diagnosed with ADHD provides a significant reduction in multiple behaviors, significantly helping with regard to combating the main difficulties of these individuals, such as attention and impulsiveness problems, in addition to assistance to parents or guardians of people with ADHD.
Le Trouble Déficitaire de l’Attention avec Hyperactivité (TDAH) peut être caractérisé comme un trouble neurobiologique, avec des causes génétiques, présentant, parmi les principaux symptômes, l’inattention, des comportements agités, ainsi que des problèmes d’impulsivité. Ce trouble apparaît durant l’enfance et peut accompagner l’être humain tout au long de son cycle de vie. Le traitement peut être réalisé par l’association de médicaments, de psychothérapie et d’orthophonie, notamment lorsque des troubles de la parole ou des problèmes d’écriture sont observés. Dans ce contexte, le présent article a pour fil conducteur la question suivante : comment l’orthophonie peut-elle agir pour réduire les problèmes causés par le trouble déficitaire de l’attention avec hyperactivité ? Ainsi, l’objectif principal de cette recherche est d’analyser, à travers la littérature déjà publiée, l’intervention de l’orthophonie chez les patients diagnostiqués avec un trouble déficitaire de l’attention avec hyperactivité. Pour la fondation de la recherche, il était nécessaire de réaliser une recherche bibliographique intégrative, analysant plusieurs théories liées à l’intervention de l’orthophonie chez les personnes atteintes de TDAH. Pour cela, des recherches ont été effectuées dans les bases de données : Scielo, Pubmed, Lilacs et Medline. Il est conclu à travers cette recherche que la performance des orthophonistes chez les personnes diagnostiquées avec le TDAH permet une réduction significative des comportements multiples, aidant de manière significative à combattre les principales difficultés de ces personnes, telles que les problèmes d’attention et d’impulsivité, en plus de l’aide à parents ou tuteurs de personnes atteintes de TDAH.
El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) se puede caracterizar como un trastorno neurobiológico, con causas genéticas, presentando, entre los principales síntomas, falta de atención, conductas inquietas, así como problemas de impulsividad. Este trastorno aparece durante la infancia y puede acompañar al ser humano durante todo su ciclo vital. El tratamiento se puede realizar mediante la asociación de fármacos, psicoterapia y logopedia, especialmente cuando se observan trastornos del habla o problemas de escritura. En este contexto, el presente artículo tiene como pregunta orientadora: ¿cómo puede actuar la logopedia para reducir los problemas ocasionados por el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad? Así, el objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar, a través de la literatura ya publicada, la intervención de la logopedia en pacientes diagnosticados de trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad. Para la fundamentación de la investigación fue necesario realizar una investigación bibliográfica integradora, analizando varias teorías relacionadas con la intervención de la logopedia en personas con TDAH. Para ello se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos: Scielo, Pubmed, Lilacs y Medline. Se concluye a través de esta investigación que la actuación de los logopedas en personas diagnosticadas con TDAH proporciona una reducción significativa de múltiples conductas, ayudando significativamente en lo que se refiere a combatir las principales dificultades de estas personas, como son los problemas de atención e impulsividad, además de asistencia para padres o tutores de personas con TDAH.
Синдром Дефицита Внимания и Гиперактивности (СДВГ) можно охарактеризовать как нейробиологическое расстройство с генетическими причинами, проявляющееся, среди основных симптомов, невнимательностью, беспокойным поведением, а также проблемами импульсивности. Это расстройство появляется в детстве и может сопровождать человека на протяжении всего его жизненного цикла. Лечение может проводиться путем сочетания лекарств, психотерапии и логопедии, особенно при наличии речевых нарушений или проблем с письмом. В связи с этим в настоящей статье ведущим вопросом является: как логопед может уменьшить проблемы, вызванные синдромом дефицита внимания и гиперактивности? Таким образом, основной целью данного исследования является анализ на основе уже опубликованной литературы вмешательства логопеда у пациентов с диагнозом синдром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности. Для обоснования исследования было необходимо провести интегративное библиографическое исследование, анализируя несколько теорий, связанных с вмешательством логопеда у людей с СДВГ. Для этого были проведены поиски в базах данных: Scielo, Pubmed, Lilacs и Medline. В результате этого исследования сделан вывод о том, что работа логопеда у лиц с диагнозом СДВГ обеспечивает значительное снижение множественного поведения, значительно помогая в борьбе с основными трудностями этих людей, такими как проблемы с вниманием и импульсивностью, в дополнение к помощи родители или опекуны людей с СДВГ.
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