The research developed a combined system in batch flow and in pilot scale for the treatment and reuse of urban effluents. The system was fed raw effluent from a university campus in Brazil and composed of four anaerobic reactors, three constructed wetlands (CWs) and an ozonation unit. The three sequential hybrid constructed wetlands were composed of a floating treatment wetland, an aerobic-anoxic baffled constructed wetland (CW) and a saturated vertifcal flow CW. Later, during the last trimester, weekly samples of the treated effluent were ozonated by bubbling with an application rate of 240 mg.h-1 O3. The system presented high removal rates efficiencies in terms of carbonaceous organic matter (78.9%), nitrogen (91.0%), color (96.7%) and turbidity (99.1%). In addition, it worked well for disinfection and acute ecotoxicity, but P was only efficiently (75%) removed in the first 8 months, with removing efficiency declining after this period. Ozonation provided significant color removal and an increased pH. The combination of floating, alternated upflow and downflow and saturated vertical flows improved the treatment of wastewater. This was due to the presence of both aerobic and anaerobic zones, as well as the filter substrate, through an integrated system with simple construction and operation and increased lifespan.
Objetivo: Analisar criticamente a literatura produzida acerca dos fatores de risco da depressão pós-parto indicando os níveis de evidência nas pesquisas realizadas. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Os dados foram coletados utilizando a base de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), National Library of Medicine (MedLine), com associação dos descritores: pós-parto (postpartum), depressão (depression), fatores de risco (risk factors) e enfermagem (nursing). Resultados: Foram analisados 17 artigos, publicados no período de 2009 a 2014. Os principais fatores associados à depressão puerperal foram: não ter companheiro, números de filhos excessivos, gravidez na adolescência, falta de apoio da família, condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis, violência doméstica e quadros anteriores de depressão. Conclusão: Acredita-se que a depressão pós-parto é uma doença que afeta mulheres no período gestacional e puerperal independentemente de idade, raça, religião e fator financeiro, sendo necessárias medidas como detecção precoce e apoio familiar para superação do quadro clínico.Palavras-chave: Depressão pós-parto; gravidez; saúde da mulher.Objective: Critically review of literature on postpartum depression risk factors indicating evidence provided by conducted researches. Method: This is an integrative literature review. Data were collected using the Literature Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO)and National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE) database with association of the following descriptors: postpartum; depression; risk factors; and nursing. Results: We analyzed 17 articles published from 2009 to 2014. The main factors associated with postpartum depression were: not having a partner, excessive number of children, teenage pregnancy, lack of family support, poor socioeconomic conditions, domestic violence and previous history of depression. Conclusion: It is accepted that postpartum depression affects women during pregnancy and puerperal period regardless of age, race, religion and socioeconomic status, requiring measures such as early detection and family support to overcome its clinical picture.
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