BackgroundAging is characterized with immunosenescence associated with a hyper-inflammatory state, characterized by elevated circulating levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. Physical exercise is a potential strategy for improving the immune system dysfunction and chronic inflammation that accompanies aging. However, there is a need to differentiate between aerobic and resistance exercise training regarding human immune system and systemic inflammation among the elderly Saudi population.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the impact of 6 months of aerobic versus resisted exercise training on inflammatory cytokines and immune system response among elderly.Material and methodsSixty previously sedentary elderly subjects participated in this study, their age ranged from 61–66 years. All Subjects were randomly assigned to supervised aerobic exercise intervention group (group A, n=40) or resistance exercise group (group B, n=40). Number of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ T cells count and CD4/CD8 ratio were quantified, IL-6, TNF-α and IL10 were measured before and after 6 months, at the end of the study.ResultsThe mean values of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells count and IL-10 were significantly increased, whereas the mean values of CD4/CD8 ratio, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in group (A) and group (B). Also; there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment.ConclusionThe current study provides evidence that aerobic exercise is more appropriate in modulating the immune system and inflammatory markers among the elderly population.
Background: Non-insulin dependent diabetic patients frequently suffer from fatigue symptoms that result from chronic systemic inflammation. Aerobic exercise was proved to modulate systemic inflammation. Objective: This study was an attempt to measure the impact of aerobic exercises on fatigue symptoms related to systemic inflammation in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Eighty obese patients with type 2 diabetes participated in the present study, their age ranged from 40-58 years and their BMI ranged from 31-36 kg/m 2 and were assigned to two subgroups; group (A) received aerobic exercise training for 12 weeks and group (B) received no exercise training for 3 months. Measurements of fatigue symptoms and markers of systemic inflammation were assessed before and at the end of the study for all participants in both groups. Results:The mean values of inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α) and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) was significantly decreased in group (A), while changes were not significant in group (B). Moreover, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) at the end of the study. Sci. 2015;15(4):1142-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v15i4.13 Conclusion
Background: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a medical condition that has broad implications for a person's physical and psychological health. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect changes in liver enzymes and psychological well-being in response to aerobic exercise training in patients with CHC. Material and Methods: Fifty CHC patients were included in two equal groups. The first group (A) received aerobic exercise training in addition to their regular medical treatment. The second group (B) received no training and only has their regular medical treatment. The program consisted of three sessions per week for three months. Results: There was a significant decrease in mean values of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Gamma -Glutamyltransferase (GGT) , Beck Depression Inventory (BDI ) & Profile of Mood States(POMS) and increase in Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) in group (A) after treatments, but the changes in group (B) were not significant. Also, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) at the end of the study. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training improves hepatic enzymes and psychological well-being in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is a growing public health problem with no approved therapy; as cytokines and other pro-inflammatory mediators may each play a role in transition of steatosis to NASH which is projected to be the leading cause of liver transplantation in the United States by 2020. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the impact of aerobic versus resisted exercise training on inflammatory cytokines and markers of liver function in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Material and Methods: Fifty patients with NASH were included in the study and divided into two subgroups. Participants were included into 2 equal groups; the first group (A) received aerobic exercise training. The second group (B) received resisted exercise training three times a week for 3 months. Results:The mean values of TNF-α, IL6, IL8, ALT and AST were significantly decreased in group (A) and group (B).Also; there was a significant difference between both groups after treatment. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training modulates inflammatory cytokine levels and markers of liver function in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Background: Aging is the major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases as aging increases plasma levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and endothelial dysfunction. Physical exercise is a potential strategy for improving the endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation that accompanies aging. However, there is a need to differentiate between aerobic and resistance exercise training regarding endothelial activation markers and systemic inflammation among elderly population. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the impact of six months of aerobic versus resisted exercise training on inflammatory cytokines and endothelial activation markers among elderly. Material and methods: Eighty previously sedentary elderly subjects participated in this study, their age ranged from 61-66 years. All subjects were randomly assigned to supervised aerobic exercise intervention group (group A, n=40) or resistance exercise group (group B, n=40). Results: The mean value of interleukin-10 (IL-10) was significantly increased, where the mean value of inter-cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), E-selectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly decreased in group (A) and group (B). In addition, there were significant differences in the mean levels of the investigated parameters between group (A) and group (B) at the end of the study. Conclusion: The current study provides evidence that aerobic exercise is more appropriate in modulate entering altered endothelial activation and inflammatory markers than resisted exercise among elderly population.Keywords: Endothelial activation markers; inflammatory cytokines; aerobic exercise; resistance exercise; aging.
Background: Diabetes mellitus has been shown in many studies to be associated with reduced bone mass and an increased risk of fracture. Currently, our understanding of how to use exercise effectively in diabetic patients in prevention of osteoporosis is incomplete and has prompted our interest to identify the type of effective osteogenic exercise. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the changes in handgrip strength and bone metabolism after 6 months between aerobic and resistance exercise training in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients in Jeddah area. Materials and methods: One hundred non-insulin dependent diabetic male patients participated in this study and were divided into two equal groups; the first group (A) received aerobic exercise training, where the second group (B) received resistance exercise training. The program consisted of three sessions per week for six months. Results:The mean values of serum calcium and Hand grip strength were significantly increased, while the mean values of parathyroid hormone were significantly decreased in both groups .Also, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training on treadmill is appropriate to improve markers of bone metabolism and hand grip strength in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Keywords: Aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, bone mineral density, non-insulin dependent diabetes. Sci. 2015;15(3):896-901. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v15i3.25
Background & objectiveSickle cell anemia (SCA) is well recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease. Despite progress in therapy, SCA remains a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. The relationship between exercise and immune function has been of great interest to the scientific community and the lay public. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of aerobic exercise training on the immunologic parameters and inflammatory cytokines of patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) in asymptomatic steady state.Material and methodsSixty asymptomatic sickle cell anemia patients were involved in this study, their age ranged from 25– 40 years and were assigned to two sub-groups; group (A) received aerobic exercise training for 12 weeks, however group (B) received no training intervention for 12 weeks. Parameters of CD3, CD4 and CD8 were quantified, Leukocyte, differential counts, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured before and after 12 weeks, at the end of the study.ResultsThe mean values of CD3, CD4 and CD8, leukocyte, monocytes counts, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in group (A), while group (B) showed non-significant changes in these parameters. Also; there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment.ConclusionThe current study provides evidence that aerobic exercise training improves inflammatory markers and immune system in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) in asymptomatic steady state.
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a main risk for morbidity, associated with alterations in systemic inflammation. Recent studies proved that morbidity and mortality of COPD is related to systemic inflammation as it contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, increase of inflammatory cytokines adversely affects quality of life, alteration in ventilatory and skeletal muscles functions. Moreover, exercise training has many beneficial effects in correction of the adverse effects of COPD. Objective: This study aimed to compare the response of inflammatory cytokines of COPD to aerobic versus resisted exercises. Materials and methods: One hundred COPD diseased patients participated in this study and were randomly included in two groups; the first group received aerobic exercise, whereas the second group received resisted exercise training for 12 weeks. Results:The mean values of TNF-α, Il-2, IL-4, IL-6 and CRP were significantly decreased in both groups. Also; there was a significant difference between both groups at the end of the study with more reduction in patients who received aerobic exercise training. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise is more appropriate than resisted exercise training in modulating inflammatory cytokines level in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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