Leadership stains affect the follower’s performances regarding innovative work behavior, and a gap is found in leadership research in higher education, specifically in Pakistan. The basic purpose of this research is to point out the effect of leadership styles on innovative work behavior under the mediating and moderating roles of organizational culture and organizational citizenship behavior among the Head of the Departments (HODs) in higher education institutions (HEIs). A survey method has been carried out to collect data from 160 respondents to, further, verify how leadership styles of academic leaders affect employees’ performances in universities. The statistical study exposes a substantial positive effect of leadership styles on innovative work behaviors of employees highlighting mediating and moderating effects of organizational culture and OCB on such a relationship. This study carries various implications for prior research in both theoretical and practical fields, and its scope may also be enlarged, geographically or institutionally, to another context. This research uncovers the relationship of leadership styles and innovative work behavior in academic research, which has been ignored before in higher education of Pakistan.

<p class="0abstract"><strong>Abstract—</strong> Over the past decade, digitalization shapes the overall educational structure worldwide, with the attention received from practitioners, researchers, and policymakers for educational development.   Digital technologies are bringing massive changes across education, skills, and employment. These changes mirror how technology is increasingly central to education 4.0. Digital technologies are expanding beyond innovative and less traditional techniques of teaching and learning via education collaboration. However, the present study will explore the research conducted on digital technologies and education. Data is selected from the Scopus database reputed journals. The final 47 studies are chosen for the review process using PRISMA statement 2015, and bibliometric analysis is done to find the occurrence of keywords.  The findings of the study are strengthening the value of educational growth and development of high-tech skills. Education's Future focuses on digital technologies, and the traditional modes of education will be replaced entirely.</p>

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the influence of personal factors on the buying behavior of consumers with the intentions of sales promotion in the fashion industry. Precisely, it focuses on the marketing techniques and practices in sales promotion activities to influence the buying intentions of consumers in personal ways. Design/methodology/approach Based on a comprehensive literature review of personal factors, sales promotion and buying behavior, this study has applied a positivist approach to collect data in quantitative way through questionnaires-based survey. The study has analyzed the collected data using structural equation modeling through smart partial least square. Findings Personal factors and its sub-dimensions such as market maven, stability and open minded have demonstrated a positive relationship in the conceptual construct. In the same manner, sales promotion and its sub-dimensions like social factors and physical layout have also positive effects. Research limitations/implications This study is only limited to the fashion industry of Pakistan and future research may be conducted in other services and manufacturing industries. Future research may assess the role of moderating variables like gender. Practical implications This study clarifies the influence of personal characteristics on consumers buying behavior in sales promotion activities in the fashion industry to achieve business objectives. Originality/value By integrating personal factors and sales promotion literature, the main contribution of this paper is the analysis of personal characteristics and promotional practices in the fashion industry of Pakistan, during Eid-ul-Fitter holidays to enhance the consumers buying behavior. Precisely, this study has assessed the effect some unique characteristics of consumers like market maven, stable, open minded and agreeable on their buying behavior in sales promotion activities. This study has apprised marketing professionals to apply the conception of personal characteristics in sales promotion activities to boost up the buying behavior of consumers in enthusiastic way.

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of human resource practices (HR) on employee job performance under the mediating effect of job satisfaction. A total of 300 faculty members from six public sector universities responded to the self-administered questionnaire. The findings come from both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using cross-sectional data which was performed at the expediency of the scholar. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using structural equational modelling (SEM) to obtain the results of the study. This study has found that HR practices: recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal and compensation have direct and significant effect on employee job performance through job satisfaction among the university faculty members. The impact of these HR practices has widely been studied and their importance has acknowledged. However, the number of studies addressing this issue in public-sector universities is extremely scarce. This study has addressed that gap. The findings of the study, if given serious note by the policy makers in the respective field, are expected to improve employee job performance. The study is expected to have enriched the body of knowledge on the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship of HR practices and employee job performance in the target population and has validated past findings.

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This study explores the mediating role of innovation in the relationship between the dimensions of organizational culture and organizational performance. The study used questionnaire data taken from 250 managers of banks in Pakistan. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses. The results indicate that while the dimensions of organizational culture and innovation have a clear and positive influence on organizational performance, organizational culture and mission have an insignificant relationship with organizational performance in the presence of innovation. These results give organizations valuable insights to compete against environmental changes by effectively implementing innovations, especially in Pakistan's banking sector. The findings illustrate that mechanisms to boost an organization's innovative culture can enable the implementation of innovation, that in turn, can contribute to superior organizational performance. In extant literature, organizational culture has been examined as one of the factors that influences organizational performance. However, there is a lack of empirical studies on the relationship between organizational culture and organizational performance. Besides, as a factor of organizational performance, several investigators have considered innovation, but few have studied organizational innovation as being affected by organizational culture. This study explores the link between organizational culture, organizational performance and the role of innovation in this relationship.

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