This study explores the mediating role of innovation in the relationship between the dimensions of organizational culture and organizational performance. The study used questionnaire data taken from 250 managers of banks in Pakistan. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses. The results indicate that while the dimensions of organizational culture and innovation have a clear and positive influence on organizational performance, organizational culture and mission have an insignificant relationship with organizational performance in the presence of innovation. These results give organizations valuable insights to compete against environmental changes by effectively implementing innovations, especially in Pakistan's banking sector. The findings illustrate that mechanisms to boost an organization's innovative culture can enable the implementation of innovation, that in turn, can contribute to superior organizational performance. In extant literature, organizational culture has been examined as one of the factors that influences organizational performance. However, there is a lack of empirical studies on the relationship between organizational culture and organizational performance. Besides, as a factor of organizational performance, several investigators have considered innovation, but few have studied organizational innovation as being affected by organizational culture. This study explores the link between organizational culture, organizational performance and the role of innovation in this relationship.

This study aims to examine the impact of product involvement, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control on investment intentions of individual investors in Pakistan. The data were collected from 548 individual investors in Pakistan using systematic random sampling. The data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the analysis showed that product involvement and subjective norm have a significant impact on investment intention of individual investors in Pakistan. On the other hand, the perceived behavioral control appears as insignificant in influencing the investment intentions of individual investors. The results of the analysis can be helpful for the investment advisors in efforts to increase the level of involvement. They need to develop and promote customized investment portfolios for their customers that suit their risk profile, investment objectives and financial constraints.

Risk serves as an important aspect that can change the decision making of individuals, especially if it is related to investment decision making. The effects of risk on investment decision making have been extensively discussed in the literature but little of it assessed the dominance of various risk-related factors in investment decision making by individuals. In order to make up for this lack,  this research studies the impact of risk avoidance,  uncertainty avoidance and perceived risk on the investment intentions of individual investors in Pakistan and relate it to Hofstede’s cultural dimension. The data was collected from individual investors and after screening, a sample of 548 was found useable for further analysis. Using SEM-PLS, it was found that risk avoidance and uncertainty avoidance significantly influence the investment intention of individual investors. On the other hand perceived risk does not influence the investment intentions of individual investors. In the evaluation of dominating factors, it was found that   risk avoidance is the most significant and the strongest factor that influences the individual investors’ investment intentions. This paper suggests that investment managers should work on strategies to change the risk avoidance behaviour of investors. Moreover, findings suggest that the cultural aspect is more important, and the level of risk avoidance should be kept in mind while offering stocks in the market. The Security Exchange Commission of Pakistan can prepare risk-adjusted products to enhance the level of intentions among the individual investors in Pakistan.

This study aims to develop and test a theoretical model that empirically examines how green organizational culture affects organizational performance. Additionally, investigated and statistically explored the study model's and their mediating role of environmental performance and green innovation, which had previously received little attention. For the sample size of 170 respondents, a quantitative approach was used. In addition, convenient random sampling was utilized to get data from the respondents. Data was gathered from a field survey utilizing a closed-ended questionnaire from Malaysia's industrial and service organizations from Malacca, Johor, Selangor, and Kedah states. The structural equation modelling approach was used to achieve the research purpose. Green organizational culture was a significant predictor of green performance in this research. Furthermore, the findings reveal that environmental performance and green innovation fully mediate the relationship between green organizational culture and organizational performance. However, this study has several limitations that lead to future research directions. The study's most significant drawback is that the data is collected merely from Malaysian industries, making generalization difficult. In addition, the cross-sectional data adds further restrictions to it. Nevertheless, by addressing organizational performance, which has not been empirically examined, this research adds to the current literature on green organizational culture, environmental performance, and green innovation. Furthermore, this research also presents a novel theoretical explanation for the relationships by understanding the mediating role of environmental performance and green innovation.

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