The increasing growth of mobile technology in our society has become a reality. Outdoor learning is one of the very revolutionary developments in modern ages without huge infrastructure and resources. This study is focusing on the area of mobile learning in the year 2009 to 2018 about the areas and working done by the researchers. Mobile learning is relatively a new platform of learning through the mobile technologies, and penetration of smartphones and digital devices is globally increased in a short interval of time. The Scopus database is used to find the literature with the keyword used in search button mobile learning. The PRISMA diagram 2009 shows that the subjects of Social Sciences area to include the literature articles for the review. The final 54 articles   with more than 20 citations for the review are selected to analyze the literature to find the gap and direction of mobile learning. Literature is divided in different classifications to find the results.

<p class="0abstract"><strong>Abstract—</strong> Over the past decade, digitalization shapes the overall educational structure worldwide, with the attention received from practitioners, researchers, and policymakers for educational development.   Digital technologies are bringing massive changes across education, skills, and employment. These changes mirror how technology is increasingly central to education 4.0. Digital technologies are expanding beyond innovative and less traditional techniques of teaching and learning via education collaboration. However, the present study will explore the research conducted on digital technologies and education. Data is selected from the Scopus database reputed journals. The final 47 studies are chosen for the review process using PRISMA statement 2015, and bibliometric analysis is done to find the occurrence of keywords.  The findings of the study are strengthening the value of educational growth and development of high-tech skills. Education's Future focuses on digital technologies, and the traditional modes of education will be replaced entirely.</p>

This paper aimed to study the effect of Ramadan fasting on biochemical and clinical parameters and compliance for dialysis. A prospective multicenter observational cross-sectional study comparing fasting with a non-fasting stable adult hemodialysis patients for demographic and biochemical parameters, compliance with dialysis, inter-dialytic weight gain, pre- and post-blood pressure, and frequency of intradialytic hypotensive episodes was carried out. Six hundred thirty-five patients, of whom 64.1% fasted, were studied. The fasters were younger (53.3 ± 16.2 vs. 58.4 ± 16.1 years; P = 0.001) but had similar duration on dialysis (P = 0.35). More fasters worked (22.0% vs. 14.6%; P = 0.001) and missed dialysis sessions during Ramadan. No differences were noted between groups in sex, diabetic status, or dialysis shift or day. There were no differences in the pre- and post-dialysis blood pressure; serum potassium, albumin or weight gain; diabetic status; sex; and dialysis shift time or days. However, serum phosphorous was significantly higher in the fasting group (2.78 ± 1.8 vs. 2.45 ± 1.6 mmol/L; P = 0.045). There were no intragroup differences in any of the parameters studied when comparing the findings during Ramadan with those in the month before Ramadan. Fasters were significantly younger and more likely to be working, to miss dialysis sessions, and to have higher serum phosphorous levels. No other differences were observed.

This article presents the systematic literature review of 91 published research papers on the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on share price between 2014 and 2019. The results indicate that the interest in the topic of CSR and its affect on firm value in terms of share price has significantly grown throughout this period. The findings show that the literature can be categorized based on three main methods of the studies: whether the paper seeks to focus on exploratory research (Qualitative); whether they seek to emphasize the objective measurement by performing mathematical, statistical or numerical analysis of data gathered (Quantitative); or articles that seek to draw conclusions from previously published studies (Review). This article attempts to cover the systematic review and bibliometric analysis by presenting findings through analysis on selected articles, which highlight some possible gaps and opportunities in the literature along with a scope of directions for future research.

In modern corporate world, dividend policy is one of the most debatable issues in corporate finance. The academic literature related to effect of dividend policy on share price has grown rapidly over the previous decade, due to its puzzling phenomena. The present study intends to conduct a non-systematic review of literature on the empirical and theoretical studies on corporate dividend policy in order to understand its nature and dimensions. In this concern, an extensive review of existing literature has been performed and it is found that there are three different approaches or schools of thought. First school of thought is that a rise in dividend payout will increase the firm value (share price). Second, thinks that a rise in dividend payout will reduce the firm value (share price) and third supports Miller and Modigliani (1) argument that firm value or share price are not affected by dividend policy. Till to date no consensus has appeared and results are inconclusive. This article also attempts to cover key empirical studies on dividend policy across countries, which shows that the phenomena of dividend policy differ from one country to another. The continuing nature and wide array of discussion on dividend policy has formulated a massive volume of literature that increase day by day. Therefore, it not feasible to do a full-fledge review of all debates.

Objective: To determine the significant role of FNAC upon other diagnosticmodalities in pre-operative investigations of patients presenting with solitary thyroid nodules and to compare the postoperative histopathological results with the results of FNAC. Design: A Comparative study. Place and Duration ofStudy: Department of Surgery Combined Military Hospital Quetta and Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi fromDecember 1999 to December 2001. Patients and Methods: In this study 46 patients with solitary thyroid nodule werestudied. Only 2 patients were toxic while remaining 44 were with euthyroid. In this study only one case was suspectedto be malignant clinically out of 5 malignant cases. All 46 patients under went thyroid scanning, ultrasound examinationand fine needle aspiration biopsy and the diagnostic accuracy was assessed. Results: 36 patients (78.26%) wereoperated while 10(21.73%) were managed conservatively. There were 5(10.86%) malignant nodules while 41(89.13%)were benign. All the 5 cases with malignancy were with ‘cold’ nodules on scan as most of others, while ‘solid’ onultrasound examination and so were most of other benign nodules. All cases diagnosed malignant pre-operatively onFNAC, proved to be malignant on histopathology after surgery and the others diagnosed as benign on FNAC provedto be benign. Conclusion: This study shows that conventional investigations for evaluation of solitary thyroid nodulesare inaccurate in identifying the malignant from the benign nodules and their routine use in such patients should beabandoned, while the use of FNAC should be encouraged more in our hospitals as this technique is with high degreeof sensitivity and specificity, cost effective and safe.

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Good corporate governance practices play an import role in increasing the firm value. Based on the agency theory related to corporate governance, if an agent (management) does not protect interest of principal (shareholders) then, agency cost is occurred and this creates a bad impact on the corporate performance. Therefore, it is necessary to address weak corporate governance practices in early stages otherwise firms can go in financial distress and eventually become bankrupt. The objective of this current study is to conduct a nonsystematic review of literature on theories and models related to corporate governance and financial distress. In the light of thorough review of literature, it is found that corporate governance variables (i.e. ownership concentration, board size, board composition, CEO duality, level of independence of board from management and managerial ownership) are good predictors for predicting financial distress. Moreover, it is also found that these corporate governance variables were not only used separately for predicting financial distress but also used along with others variables (firm level and country level) for the purpose of enhancing quality of financial distress models.