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The short sequence related to hepatitis C virus (HCV1) is detected by a label-free DNA hybridization biosensor. The sensor relies on the immobilization of a 20-mer oligonucleotide containing 2 guanine and 11 cytosine bases denoted PHCV1 as probe on the pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The hybridization event was monitored by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) using the guanine signal. The selectivity of the biosensor was studied using some noncomplementary oligonucleotides. Diagnostic performance of the biosensor is described and the detection limit was found to be 6.5 nM.

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The mechanism of catalytic reduction of peroxydisulfate on the palladized aluminum electrode modified by Prussian blue (PB/Pd-Al) was studied. The charge transfer-rate limiting step as well as overall reduction reaction of S 2 O 8 2À is found to be a one-electron and two-electron abstraction respectively. The modified electrode is exploited for the hydrodynamic amperometry of peroxydisulfate. It is found that the calibration graph is linear in the S 2 O 8 2À concentration range 5 10 À6 -1.5 10 À3 mol L À1. The detection limit of the method was 2.4 10The method was successfully used for the determination of S 2 O 8 2À in decolorizing powders