BackgroundRapid determination of blood electrolyte concentrations can help determine electrolyte status and delivery of effective volume of electrolyte solutions in field conditions.ObjectiveTo evaluate reliability of the i‐STAT, a point‐of‐care (POC) device, in measuring blood K+, Na+, and CI − concentrations in cattle.AnimalsNinety‐eight cattle with various diseases.MethodsIn this prospective study, blood samples collected from the jugular vein were processed for determination of K+, Na+, and CI − concentrations in blood and plasma using the i‐STAT and auto‐analyzer (Cobas C501), respectively. Blood and plasma electrolyte data were subjected to student t‐test for comparison, the concordance analysis for agreement, accuracy, and precision, the Passing‐Bablok regression and the Bland‐Altman plot for reliability, and receiver operating characteristics curves for sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp).ResultsPlasma concentrations of K+ (4.39 versus 4.2 mmol/L; P < .0001) and CI − (100.30 versus 99.4 mmol/L; P < .04) were greater than their concentrations in blood. Plasma and blood Na+ concentrations were similar (136.95 versus 136.8 mmol/L). The i‐STAT results were highly correlated with the Cobas C501 results (r = 0.970, 0.922, and 0.866 for K+, Na+, and CI −, respectively). Regression equations fitting blood (Y) and plasma (X) concentration did not deviate from the identity line for K+ (Y = −0.10 + 0.98 × X), Na+ (Y = X), and CI − (Y = 3.04 + 0.96 × X). The mean bias (blood concentration ‐ plasma concentration) was −0.20 for K+ (P = .03), −0.16 for Na+ (P = .12), and −0.87 for CI − (P = .93). The i‐STAT had 76–100% Se and 87.7–100% Sp for assessing electrolyte statuses.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe i‐STAT yielded results that were in agreement with the auto‐analyzer, with negligible biases in measurement of plasma K+, Na+, and CI − concentrations. The i‐STAT is a reliable POC device and can be used in field condition to assess electrolyte status in cattle.

No abstract

No abstract

This study aims to investigate perceptions towards eating habits and obesity in students receiving sports education in Turkey. The sample consisted of 360 randomly chosen students, who received sports education at Firat University, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Ardahan University and Mugla Sitki Kocman University. The sample was formed by adopting the convenience sampling method. For data collection, the ‘Three-factor eating questionnaire’ was used. The data were analysed for normality distribution in terms of the questionnaire and its subscales, which proved that the data provided a normality distribution. ‘Independent samples t-test’ was conducted to evaluate the level of differentiation in terms of the independent variables of gender and taking courses about nutrition and obesity. ‘One-way Variance Analysis’ was conducted to evaluate the level of differentiation in the variables of grade and the universities of the participants. The development level of the location where the students lived, income levels and cultural activities affected their eating. Keywords: Education, sports, students, obesity, eating habits.

HENTBOL BASKETBOL VOLEYBOL KLASMAN HAKEMLERİNİN İŞ DOYUMU DÜZEYLERİN İNCELENMESİ ÖZETBu çalışma; hentbol, basketbol ve voleybol liglerinde görev yapan 222 klasman hakeminin iş doyumu düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. İstatistiksel veriler için, one way anova ve LSD testi uygulanmıştır. Ölçüm aracı olarak, birinci bölümde hakemlerin demografik özelliklerini belirlemeye yönelik değerlendirme yapılmış, ikinci bölümde ise "Minnesota iş doyumu ölçeği" kısa bir formu kullanılmıştır. Hakemlerin, yaşlarına ve branşlarına göre iş doyumu düzeyleri istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olarak bulunmuştur. İyi bir maç yönetebilmek, ekonomik yönden rahat ve üst seviyede olunması bakımdan önemlidir.