ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the results of intramedullary nail treatment in surgical treatment of adult displaced radius and ulna diaphyseal fractures.Patients and methodsEighteen patients (36 forearm fractures) who underwent intramedullary nail treatment due to radius and ulna fractures were retrospectively analyzed. Adult patients with displaced forearm double fractures were included in this study. Patients with open physeal lines, pathological fractures, Monteggia and Galeazzi fractures, distal radioulnar joint instability, bilateral fractures and bone loss were excluded.ResultsThirteen patients were male (72.2 %) and five were female (27.8 %). Average age of the patients was 35.16 (18–63). Twelve patients (66.7 %) suffered right and six patients (33.3 %) left forearm fractures. Average follow-up period was 77.7 (55–162) weeks, average bleeding amount was 51.11 (15–100) ml, average time to bone union was 11.3 (8–20) weeks, average surgery time was 61.94 (45–80) min and average fluoroscopy time was approximately 2 (1–5) min. According to Grace-Eversman criteria, results were excellent in 14 (77.8 %) patients, good in 3 (16.8 %) and acceptable in 1 (5.6 %). Average DASH questionnaire score was 15.15 (4–38.8). There was no iatrogenic vascular, neural and bone injury during surgery. There was late rupture of extensor pollicis longus tendon in one patient, 4 months after surgery.ConclusionIntramedullary fixation method has advantages, such as closed application, short surgery period, good cosmetic results and early return to movement. We think intramedullary fixation method may be used as an alternative treatment method to plate osteosynthesis in surgical treatment of radius and ulna diaphyseal fractures.
The effect of varying humic acid supplies (0, 0.05 and 0.1% w/w) on some agro-physiological properties and ionic balance of bean plants in different salt source and doses were investigated. Plants were treated with eight salt sources [sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulphate (Na 2 SO 4), calcium chloride (CaCl 2), calcium sulphate (CaSO 4), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulphate (K 2 SO 4), magnesium chloride (MgCl 2) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4)] in four different concentrations (0, 30, 60, and 120 mM doses) for 60 days in a growth media. The highest salt doses; 120 mM of NaCl, CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 and KCl 2 at no humic acid applications caused plant death, but no plant death was obtained in humic acid application (0.05 and 0.1%) doses in all of the salt types and doses except for CaCl 2. Total chlorophyll and nitrate contents of plants decreased with increasing salt doses, but were negatively related to humic acid application doses. Proline contents of plant were increased with increasing salt doses and the highest value was obtained for NaCl application. The effects of salt concentrations in nitrogen and phosphorus content of plants were significant. Humic acid added to saline soil significantly improved the variables affected by high salinity and also increased plant nitrate, nitrogen and phosphorus, reduced soil electricity conductivity, proline and electrolyte leakage of plant, enhanced plant root and shoot dry weight by allowing nutrients and water to be released to the plant as needed. The result suggested that humic acid have great potential in alleviating salinity stress on plant growth and growth parameter in saline soils of arid and semi-arid areas. This humic acid appeared to be highly effective for soil conditioners in vegetable growth, to improve crop tolerance and growth saline conditions.
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