Because CL can mimic many other skin diseases, early diagnosis and early treatment are very important to prevent complications and spread of the disease. The fastest and easiest diagnostic method is the leishmanial smear. The most common treatment is the use of local or systemic pentavalent antimony compounds.

In the present study, the purpose was to evaluate the presence of dermatological symptoms and the effects of mask use on existing dermatological diseases associated with face in patients admitting with any dermatological disease. The present study consisted of 150 patients, including 91 volunteering women and 59 men, admitting to our dermatology clinic with any dermatological symptoms. The presence of symptoms, such as itching, rash, drying and peeling, discomfort, redness, burning, pain, swelling, acne, oily skin symptoms because of mask use, and previous history of facial dermatological disease, whether this disease increased with the use of mask, were questioned. The diagnosis made after dermatological examination and the dermatological examination findings were evaluated with the results of the survey. The most common finding in all patients after mask use was itching with a rate of 64.7%. Similar rates were detected for other symptoms. A significant increase was detected in the severity of acneiform and inflammatory dermatosis after the use of masks (P < .05). Our study showed that long‐term mask use caused primary skin symptoms, such as itching, redness, rash, dryness and peeling, burning, oily skin, and acne formation in individuals who have dermatological diseases, and also increased the existing dermatological facial diseases. Therefore, it should be recommended to use water‐based moisturizers as it may have a barrier effect on the faces of individuals who use a face mask and have any facial dermatosis, and patients should be closely monitored for skin diseases on the face.

Salmo kottelati sp. n., is described from Alakır Stream (Mediterranean basin) in Turkey. It is distinguished from other Anatolian Salmo species by a combination of the following characters (none unique to the species): general body colour greenish to silvery in life; 7–9 parr marks along lateral line; four dark bands on flank absent in both sexes; black ocellated spots few, present only on upper part of flank in individuals smaller than 160 mm SL but in larger both males and females black spots numerous and located on back and middle and upper part of flank; red spots few to numerous, scattered on median, and half of lower and upper part of flank; head long (length 29–33% SL in males, 26–32 in females); mouth large (length of mouth gape 13–19% SL in males, 12–15 in females); maxilla long (length 10–13% SL in males, 8–12 in females); 105–113 lateral line scales; 24–29 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin, 17–19 scale rows between lateral line and anal-fin origin; 13–15 scales between lateral line and adipose-fin insertion.

Three new species of Alburnoides, Alburnoides emineae sp. n., Alburnoides velioglui sp. n., Alburnoides recepi sp. n., are described from the Euphrates River drainages (Persian Gulf basin) in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Alburnoides emineae, from Beyazsu Stream (south-eastern Euphrates River drainage), is distinguished from all species of Alburnoides in Turkey and adjacent regions by a combination of the following characters (none unique to the species): a well developed ventral keel between pelvic and anal fins, commonly scaleless or very rarely 1-2 scales covering the anterior portion of the keel; a deep body (depth at dorsal-fin origin 31-36% SL); 37-43 + 1-2 lateral-line scales, 13½-15½ branched anal-fin rays; number of total vertebrae 41-42, modally 41, comprising 20-21 abdominal and 20-21 caudal vertebrae. Alburnoides velioglui, from Sırlı, Karasu, Divriği and Sultansuyu streams (northern and northeastern Euphrates River drainages), is distinguished by a poorly developed ventral keel, completely scaled; a moderately deep body (depth at dorsal-fin origin 24-29% SL); 45-53 + 1-2 lateral-line scales, 11½ -13½ branched anal-fin rays; number of total vertebrae 41-42, modally 42, comprising 20-22 abdominal and 20-21 caudal vertebrae. Alburnoides recepi, from Merzimen Stream (southern Euphrates River drainage), is distinguished by a well developed ventral keel, completely scaleless; a deep body (depth at dorsal-fin origin 29-34% SL); 47-56 + 2-3 lateral-line scales; 13½-16½ branched anal-fin rays; number of total vertebrae 38-40, comprising 19-21 abdominal and 18-20 caudal vertebrae.

Two new species of Squalius are described from the Seyhan River drainage in Turkey: S. adanaensis from the lower part of the drainage and S. seyhanensis from the upper part. Squalius adanaensis is distinguished from the other species of the genus in Anatolia, among other characters, by having the flank scales with a dark spot on each scale pocket but covered by the posterior margin of the previous scale, and very few melanophores along the posterior margin; 38-42 + 1-2 lateral line scales; and a maximum known size of 157 mm SL. Squalius seyhanensis is distinguished from other species of the genus in Anatolia, among other characters, by having the flank scales with a dark spot on each scale pocket, exposed, and densely-set melanophores along the posterior margin, forming a conspicuous reticulate pattern; 42-44 + 1-2 lateral line scales; and a maximum know size of 240 mm SL.

No abstract

Background: Tandem MS analysis of dried blood spots is a widely used method for diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism. Clinical laboratories performing this test for clinically suspected children at different ages are faced with the challenge of using appropriate reference ranges for the diagnostic markers. Objectives: Retrospective evaluation of laboratory data was performed to establish the disease spectrum and clinically relevant reference ranges for the diagnostic markers. Methods: The results of clinically suspected 4800 patients were extracted from laboratory information system and correlated with clinical data. Relevant reference ranges for the analytes in dried blood spots was determined using nonparametric statistical methods. Results: Forty four patients were diagnosed with 12 different inborn errors of metabolism. There were 23 patients with organic acid disorder, 13 patients with amino acid or urea cycle disorder and 8 patients with fatty acid oxidation disorder. The reference ranges were significantly different between the children under and over 1 year of age for some acylcarnitines (C0, C2, C3, C5OH, C14, C16 and C18) and amino acids (citrulline, arginine, tyrosine, valine and leucine). Conclusions:The interpretation of the Tandem MS analysis results showed that the difference in the reference ranges for children under or over one year of age did not affect the diagnosis for most frequent inborn errors of metabolism.

Gençlerde yeme bozuklukları sık görülmektedir. Henüz yeme bozukluğu olarak sınıflandırılmamış ortoreksiya nevroza sağlıklı beslenme takıntısı olarak bilinir. Bu çalışmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinde ortoreksiya sıklığını saptamak ve sağlık okuryazarlığı ile ilişkisini tespit etmektir. Kesitsel tipte olan bu çalışma 1014 öğrenci üzerinde yapılmıştır. Öğrenciler tabakalı küme örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiştir ve gözlem altında uygulanan anket; sosyodemografik bölüm, ORTO-15 ölçeği ve Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ölçeklerinden oluşmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 22 kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerde ortoreksiya sıklığı %12.2 (erkeklerde %12.6, kadınlarda 12.0) olarak bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin %80'i yetersiz sağlık okuryazarıdır. Düşük düzeyde sağlık okuryazarlığı olanlar ORTO-15 ölçeğinden düşük puan almışlardır (p = 0.001). Düzenli spor yapanlarda ve beslenme konusunda uzmanlardan bilgi alan kişilerde ortoreksiya eğiliminin daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada ortoreksiya sıklığı %12 olarak bulunmuştur. Ortoreksiya düzenli spor yapanlarda, doktor ve diyetisyenlerden bilgi alanlarda daha fazladır. Ayrıca sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin artmasının ortoreksiyadan düşük seviyede koruyucu olduğu söylenebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Beslenme ve yeme bozuklukları, sağlık okuryazarlığı, öğrenciler.