A review of Capoeta tinea, with descriptions of two new species from Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). -Fishes previously referred to Capoeta tinea in Turkey and Georgia belong to three species: C tinea in rivers draining to the Marmara Sea, C. baliki, new species, in rivers draining to the southwestern Black Sea, and C. banarescui, new species, in the Çoruh River drainage.Capoeta banarescui is distinguished by missing sexual dimorphism in the mouth shape (present in the two other species) and fewer and larger scales. Capoeta baliki is distinguished by its more slender body and caudal peduncle, and blunter head.

Oxynoemacheilus cemali sp. nov. is described from the Çoruh River drainage in the eastern Black Sea basin. One molecular marker (coI), 25 morphometric and four meristic characters were analysed. Oxynoemacheilus cemali is distinguished from O. kosswigi, O. banarescui, O. samanticus and O. angorae in the Black Sea basin by having a suborbital groove in males, an axillary lobe at the pelvic‐fin base, no dorsal adipose crest on the caudal peduncle, a slightly‐forked caudal fin and 7–15 dark grey dorsal saddles. Morever, Oxynoemacheilus cemali is distinguished by commonly having 9–15 irregularly‐shaped dark‐grey bars on the flank posterior to the dorsal‐fin origin or, rarely having a mottled pattern or 4–6 irregularly shaped dark‐grey bars on the flank posterior to the dorsal‐fin origin. Oxynoemacheilus cemali is also distinguished from the closely related species O. araxensis and O. cyri, distributed outside the Black Sea basin, by having 15 and 31 diagnostic nucleotide substitutions in the coI barcode region, respectively.

Salmo kottelati sp. n., is described from Alakır Stream (Mediterranean basin) in Turkey. It is distinguished from other Anatolian Salmo species by a combination of the following characters (none unique to the species): general body colour greenish to silvery in life; 7–9 parr marks along lateral line; four dark bands on flank absent in both sexes; black ocellated spots few, present only on upper part of flank in individuals smaller than 160 mm SL but in larger both males and females black spots numerous and located on back and middle and upper part of flank; red spots few to numerous, scattered on median, and half of lower and upper part of flank; head long (length 29–33% SL in males, 26–32 in females); mouth large (length of mouth gape 13–19% SL in males, 12–15 in females); maxilla long (length 10–13% SL in males, 8–12 in females); 105–113 lateral line scales; 24–29 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin, 17–19 scale rows between lateral line and anal-fin origin; 13–15 scales between lateral line and adipose-fin insertion.

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Gobio sakaryaensis, a new species from the Tozman and the Porsuk streams of the Sakarya River drainage (northwesternAnatolia, Black Sea basin), is described. The species is distinguished from other gudgeons by a combination of the fol-lowing characters: breast completely scaled, scales approximately extending to isthmus; head length 27.2–30.0 % SL; 39–42 lateral line scales; 4–6 scales between anus and anal-fin origin; 6–8 scales between posterior extremity of pelvic-fin bases and anus. A key is provided for Gobio and Romanogobio species recorded from Turkey.

A few studies have looked at this genus with a larger geographic perspective, such as that of Levin et al. (2012), who provided a phylogenetic framework of the genus. Alwan (2010) intensively studied the C. damascina species group, and Geiger et al. ( 2014) provided additional molecular data on Mediterranean species of Capoeta. Alwan (2010) conclusively demonstrated that C. angorae from the Mediterranean basin is a synonym of C. damascina, a view also supported by Levin et al. (2012) and Geiger et al. (2014).However, despite all these studies, the species diversity of Capoeta in Anatolia has not been fully resolved, and both Levin et al. (2012) andGeiger et al. (2014) found one group of populations in the Büyük Menderes and Dalaman rivers that was well distinguished from its sister species, C. bergamae, by the molecular methods applied. Here we study Capoeta from the Büyük Menderes River as well as from the streams Dalaman, Tersakan, and Namnam, with the aim of testing whether this molecular lineage might be a species different from C. bergamae and other Capoeta species of the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent Central Anatolia. Materials and methodsFish were caught using pulsed DC electrofishing equipment. The material is deposited in the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Zoology Museum of the Faculty of Fisheries, Rize (FRR) and İstanbul University, Science Faculty, Hydrobiology Museum, İstanbul (IUSHM). Measurements were made using digital calipers (0.1 mm accuracy). Hubbs and Lagler (1947) were followed in counts and measurements except as follows: head width at anterior eye margin: distance between anterior margins of eyes; head width at posterior eye margin: distance between posterior margins of eyes; head depth: through eye; snout width: at level of nostrils; head depth at snout: at level of nostrils; mouth width: measured between corners of mouth. Lateral line scale count includes scales on the caudal-fin base. The last 2 branched dorsal-and anal-fin rays, which articulate on a single pterygiophore, were counted as 1½. In the descriptions, numbers in parentheses after a count indicate the number of specimens in which this count was observed. To determine the sex of fishes, gonads were checked under a stereomicroscope.Morphometric and meristic data of C. damascina, C.

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Barbus anatolicus, new species, is described from the Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak River drainages in the southern Black Sea basin. It is distinguished from other Barbus species in the Middle East by having 58–71 total lateral line scales, a moderately ossified last simple dorsal-fin ray, serrated along about 70–80% of its posterior margin, many small irregular shaped black or brown spots, smaller or as large as scales, often forming large, dark-brown blotches on the head, back and flank in adults and juveniles, and a concave posterior dorsal-fin margin. In addition, DNA barcode data reject the hypothesis that it belongs to one of the other species of the B. barbus species group. Barbus bergi from Bulgaria and adjacent Turkey is treated as synonym of B. tauricus. Barbus tauricus was previously believed to be restricted to the Crimean Peninsula but is found to be widespread in the Black Sea basin.