As a result of this study we concluded that the inverted-V incision might be a better choice in open rhinoplasty.

Oxynoemacheilus cemali sp. nov. is described from the Çoruh River drainage in the eastern Black Sea basin. One molecular marker (coI), 25 morphometric and four meristic characters were analysed. Oxynoemacheilus cemali is distinguished from O. kosswigi, O. banarescui, O. samanticus and O. angorae in the Black Sea basin by having a suborbital groove in males, an axillary lobe at the pelvic‐fin base, no dorsal adipose crest on the caudal peduncle, a slightly‐forked caudal fin and 7–15 dark grey dorsal saddles. Morever, Oxynoemacheilus cemali is distinguished by commonly having 9–15 irregularly‐shaped dark‐grey bars on the flank posterior to the dorsal‐fin origin or, rarely having a mottled pattern or 4–6 irregularly shaped dark‐grey bars on the flank posterior to the dorsal‐fin origin. Oxynoemacheilus cemali is also distinguished from the closely related species O. araxensis and O. cyri, distributed outside the Black Sea basin, by having 15 and 31 diagnostic nucleotide substitutions in the coI barcode region, respectively.

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Level III, retrospective study.

Gobio baliki, new species, is described from the stream Büyük Melen in the northwestern Anatolian Black Sea basin. The new species is distinguished from other gudgeons in Anatolia by the breast being completely covered by scales, scales extending slightly behind the isthmus; 5-6 scales between the posterior extremity of the pelvic-fin base and the anus; the distance between the anus and the anal-fin origin 7-10% SL; the postorbital distance equal to or greater than the snout length; the depth of the anal-fin approximately equal to the length of the pelvic-fin; 8-9 midlateral black blotches, usually separated from each-other.

The DNA barcoding approach was used for the determination of evolutionary relationships and species delimitation of the genus Oxynoemacheilus (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). The COI barcode region (615 bp amplicon) was used to barcode 444 individuals from 64 morphologically identified species in the genus Oxynoemacheilus and 189 haplotypes were identified. The average of the interspecific p distance (9.59%) was about 21-fold higher than the average intraspecific distance (0.44%). A general genetic threshold of 1.46% sequence divergence was defined for species delimitation. The multiple species delimitation methods (BCM, GMYC, bPTP and TCS) revealed a total of 62 molecular operational taxonomic units for 64 morphospecies with a new loach species from the BuyukMelen River.Neighbour-joining, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses indicated that all haplotypes were clustered into 62 clades, which corresponded to Oxynoemacheilus species, with strong bootstrap support (≥95%). Furthermore, all samples grouped in concurrence with the taxonomic status of the species except for species groups (O. germencicus-O. cinicus-O. mesudae and O. leontinae-O. namiri) that were showed intraspecific overlap in genetic diversity for COI-based barcodes. In conclusion, our analyses indicate that COI-based barcodes provide reliable species discrimination. Therefore, we currently recommend COI barcodes as the suitable barcode for genus Oxynoemacheilus.

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